制革厂铬鞣废水中铬的回收处理研究

针对制革厂铬鞣废水含铬(Cr3 )量高、成分复杂、沉淀后铬泥纯度低的问题,本实验采用优化后的直接加碱沉淀法、絮凝后再加碱沉淀法和新型的硅铁电极法来回收铬鞣废水中的铬.3种方法所得铬泥的纯度分别在36%、65%和80%以上,比原铬泥纯度(27.7%)最多提高了近2倍.     

代谢表面活性剂菌处理含油污泥的研究

试验采用异位生物修复技术堆肥法,对某炼厂油泥进行生物修复处理研究.用微生物代谢的表面活性剂对油泥进行预处理,洗脱油泥中部分油分后进行堆肥试验,投加从油田含油土壤中获得的以石油为唯一碳源、代谢高效生物表面活性剂的微生物C-2菌、F-2菌以及无机营养物和疏松剂(锯末),降解油泥中的石油污染物.经过外源微生物和内源微生物共同作用120 d,油泥中的石油烃总量由22 910 mg/kg下降到3 000 mg/kg以下.试验利用色谱-质谱联用方法分析了降解前后石油组分的变化.菌株经传统方法鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌.     

德兴铜矿周边地区土壤酶活性研究

采用逐步多元回归和主成分分析的方法研究了德兴铜矿周边土壤中重金属和土壤酶活性的关系.结果表明:德兴铜矿周边各功能区均受到不同程度的Cu、Cd污染,Pb、Zn未超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618--1995)二级标准;各功能区土壤酶活性有显著差别,逐步回归分析表明土壤酶活性与Cu、Zn全量、生物可利用态Cu含量有显著线性关系,而与Cd、Pb无明显相关;土壤酶活性和生物可利用态Cu呈负线性关系,而与残渣态Cu有正线性关系.主成分分析显示,土壤酶信息系统的第1、第2主成分可反映酶活性总变异的96.27%,根据第1主成分对功能区酶活性的分类结果与土壤生物可利用态Cu含量的分类结果基本一致,提示土壤酶活性指标可以反映土壤生物可利用态Cu含量.     

龙眼miR167家族分子特性及其潜在靶标在体胚发生早期的表达模式

为了解miR167家族成员的分子特性及其可能互作的靶标在龙眼体胚发生早期的调控机制,采用生物信息学分析方法进行龙眼miR167基因家族序列分析、二级结构预测、分子进化树分析、靶基因预测及其靶标特异表达的FPKM值分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitave real-time PCR,qPCR)检测miR1...     

Larval supply and juvenile recruitment of coral reef fishes to marine reserves and non-reserves of the upper Florida Keys,USA

For marine organisms, decoupling between the planktonic larval stage and the benthic-associated juvenile stage can lead to variable patterns of population replenishment, which have the potential to influence the effectiveness of marine reserves. We measured spatial and temporal variability in larval supply and recruitment of fishes to coral reefs of different protection levels and tested whether protection level influenced the relationship between supply and recruitment. We sampled pre-settlement larvae and newly settled recruits from four reefs (two reserves and two non-reserves) in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, USA. Replicate point measures of larval supply over 14 months and 17 monthly measurements of recruitment varied significantly among months and sites. Sites with the same protection level had significantly different patterns of larval supply as well as larval and recruit diversity, but recruitment magnitude differed only by protection level, where densities were greater at reserves. Differences in larval supply among sites included two particularly large peaks in larval abundance at one site, possibly associated with the observed passage of small-scale oceanographic features. To examine whether relationships between larval supply and recruitment varied by protection level, we selected one species that was present in both the light trap samples and the monthly recruitment surveys. Recruitment of the bicolor damselfish Stegastes partitus was significantly and positively related to larval supply at three of the four sites thus, protection level did not influence this linkage. Since local variability among sites can lead to spatial differences in population replenishment, characterization of larval supply and recruitment to potential marine reserve sites may help to identify optimal locations in a region and contribute to more effective reserve design.     

How does the spatial structure of habitat loss affect the eco-epidemic dynamics?

Habitat loss is considered as one of the primary causes of species extinction, especially for a species that also suffers from an epidemic disease. Little attention has been paid to the combined effect of habitat loss and epidemic transmission on the species spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, a spatial model of the parasite–host/prey–predator eco-epidemiological system with habitat loss was studied. Habitat patches in the model, instead of undergoing a random loss, were spatially clustered by different degrees. Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also its clustering degree was shown to affect the equilibrium of the system. The infection rate and the probability of successful predation were keys to determine the spatial patterns of species. The epidemic disease is more likely to break out if only a small amount of suitable patches were lost. Counter-intuitively, infected preys are more sensitive to habitat loss than predators if the lost patches are highly clustered. This result is new to eco-epidemiology and implies a possibility of using spatial arrangement of suitable (or unsuitable) patches to control the spread of epidemics in the ecological system.     

Carbon Productivity Analysis to Address Global Climate Change

Developing low-carbon economy and enhancing carbon productivity are basic approaches to coordinating economic development and protecting global environment, which are also the major ways to address climate change under the framework of sustainable development. In this paper, the authors analyze the annual rate of carbon productivity growth, the differences of carbon productivity of different countries, and the factors for enhancing carbon productivity. Consequently, the authors clarify their viewpoint that the annual rate of carbon productivity growth can be used to weigh the efforts that a country takes to address climate change, and propose policies and suggestions on promoting carbon production.     

双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在水相中的吸附性能

以双酚A (BPA)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,沉淀聚合法制备了BPA的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs).聚合物在BPA超纯水溶液中的吸附实验结果表明,MIPs对BPA的吸附量和吸附速率大于非印迹聚合物.通过Scatchard分析,MIPs对BPA的最大表观吸附...     

可见光活性纳米TiO2光催化涂料的抗菌性能研究

基于过渡金属离子掺杂技术,制备了在室内光辐照条件下具有良好光催化抗菌性能的可见光响应型铁掺杂TiO2光催化涂料.研究结果表明,在可见光活性光催化涂料中添加1%的纳米TiO2时,抗菌效果最好,光照24 h后对大肠杆菌、白色念珠球菌、黑曲霉的杀菌率分别达到99.9%、97.2%、82%.采用致孔剂聚乙二醇6 000对光催化...     

Spatial and seasonal distribution of selected antibiotics in surface waters of the Pearl Rivers, China

The distribution and occurrence of 15 antibiotics in surface water of the Pearl River System (Liuxi River, Shijing River and Zhujiang River) and effluents of four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in two sampling events representing wet season and dry season by using rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) in positive ionization mode. Only eight antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, erythromycin-H?O and norfloxacin) were detected in the water samples of the three rivers and the effluents. The detection frequencies and levels of antibiotics in the dry season were higher than those in the wet season. This could be attributed to the dilution effects in the wet season and relatively lower temperature in the dry season under which antibiotics could persist for a longer period. The levels of the detected antibiotics in different sites are generally in a decreasing order as follows: Shijing River ≥WWTP effluent ≥Zhujiang River ≥ Liuxi River. Risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotients showed that only erythromycin-H?O and roxithromycin detected in the Pearl Rivers might have adverse effects on aquatic organisms.