A novel wet-scrubbing process using Fe(VI) for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO

The objective of this work was to develop a novel wet-scrubbing process using Fe(VI) for the simultaneous removal of gaseous NO and SO(2). The oxidation of SO(2) and NO with Fe(VI) was studied in aqueous solution at alkaline pH (9.0-11.0). A stoichiometric molar ratio for NO and SO(2) oxidation with Fe(VI) was determined to be nearly 3.0. Sulfate and nitrate was identified as final products by ion chromatography from the reaction at pH 9.0-11.0. The feasibility of simultaneous removal of multiple gas pollutants with the continuous feeding of ferrate in lab-scale was investigated from the view of industrial application. It was found that the removal efficiency of NO and SO(2) was enhanced with the increase of Fe(VI) concentration, more than 90% NO removal efficiency and 100% SO(2) removal efficiency were achieved by wet-scrubbing process using Fe(VI) at room temperature and ambient atmosphere. The results demonstrate that Fe(VI) could be an effective wet-scrubbing agent for the simultaneous removal of NO and SO(2).     

GB 19083-2010《医用防护口罩技术要求》标准解读

本文主要介绍新标准GB19083-2010的修订背景、新旧标准的差异对比,重点介绍影响口罩防护效果的重要指标—过滤效率和口罩密合性项目,并对生产厂家在应用标准时需要注意的事项加以说明。     

CREAM-based communication error analysis method (CEAM) for nuclear power plant operators’ communication

Communication error has been considered a primary cause of many incidents and accidents in the nuclear industry. In order to prevent these accidents, a method for the analysis of such communication errors is proposed here. This paper presents a qualitative and a quantitative method to analyze communication errors. The qualitative method focuses on finding a root cause of the communication error and predicting the type of communication error which could happen in nuclear power plants. We develop context conditions and antecedent-consequent links of influential factors related to communication errors. The quantitative analysis method focuses on estimating the probability of communication errors. To accomplish the quantification of communication errors, the Cognitive Speaking Process (CSP) is defined and a method to estimate the weighting factors and the probability is suggested. Finally, case studies conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed methods are detailed. From the results, we can foresee the effects of given plant conditions on communication errors and reduce the error occurrences.     

沈阳市冬季一次严重污染天气过程成因分析

为探讨沈阳市冬季重污染天气的初步成因。以2013年1月11日~16日沈阳市发生的一次严重污染天气为例,利用中国气象局的MICAPS系统和美国的HYSPLT模式,从污染形成的天气背景、污染物扩散受地形的影响情况以及外来污染物输送的气流轨迹等几方面综合分析,从而探讨此次严重污染过程的成因:长白山小高压和西部倒槽双重系统的控制下,地面吹东北风,风速较小,湿度大,不利于污染物的水平扩散;有较强接地逆温存在时,不利于污染物的垂直扩散,导致近地面污染物累积;受来自于北部和东北部低层气流的影响,将内蒙古、辽宁东北部的污染物携带到沈阳地区汇聚。     

化学活化的湿法制备污泥活性炭及应用研究

以城市污水厂剩余污泥为原料,ZnCl₂作活化剂,研究脱水污泥转化成活性炭过程中活化方式、活化剂浓度、活化温度和活化时间等因素对污泥活性炭吸附性能的影响;利用正交试验获得最佳制备方案,采用热重分析仪研究活化机理,并将其应用于甲苯废气的吸附试验。结果表明:浸渍质量比5:5、活化温度550℃、活化时间40 min为最佳制备条件:湿污泥活化法制备的污泥活性炭,性能优于干污泥活化法;在甲苯浓度2 300mg/m³、气体线速9.55 cm/s、装填高度4 cm时,添加3%的锯末或5%的椰粉吸附性能更好。     

水合肼中混入尿素后的非催化还原脱硝研究

在对比了尿素和水合肼(N2H4·H2O)选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱除烟气中NOx温度特性的基础上,尝试将两者混合以降低SNCR脱硝反应的温度窗口.实验结果显示,水合肼有一中温区温度窗口(550～650℃),最佳温度在600℃左右,远低于尿素SNCR脱硝的温度窗口和最佳温度.对比尿素和水合肼在不同条件下混合后的脱硝规律发现,将部分水合肼用尿素替代后虽然脱硝效率有所下降,但维持了水合肼的中温脱硝特征,某些条件下甚至出现脱硝效率上升的现象;并且反应过程中无氨分解产生和逸出;而尿素单独使用时在此温区内则有氨逸出.研究还表明,将水合肼加入到尿素中并无有益效果.而当还原剂/NO的化学计量比(Normalized stoichiometric ratio,NSR)为2.0时,在水合肼中加入尿素,以16.7％的尿素N替代水合肼N,混合还原剂的峰值脱硝效率出现在530℃左右,并维持在单独使用水合肼时峰值的93.3％的水平;温度在503 ～ 567℃范围变化时,混合还原剂维持了可观的中温脱硝效率.研究表明,有望通过在水合肼中添加适量尿素以降低水合肼SNCR中温脱硝的成本.     

A fishy odor episode in a north China reservoir：Occurrence, origin, and possible odor causing compounds

A significant outbreak of fishy odor occurred in a reservoir located in Inner Mongolia, China, in the winter of 2011, and the odor rating, algal density and concentrations of some potential odorous compounds were monitored over a period of two months. The peak odor rating of the fishy odor was 7 according to flavor profile analysis. Among the dominant algal species （two diatom and one chrysophyte species） observed during the survey, the chrysophyte Dinobryon sp. was the most abundant species, with the peak density recorded at 88,520 cells/mL. Seven potential algal metabolites including heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, 2,4-decadienal, nonanal, 2-octenal, 2,6- nonadienal and hexanal were detected. The principal component analysis result showed that n-hexanal, n-heptanal and 2,4-decadienal, possibly the metabolites of diatoms, and 2,4-heptadienal, possibly the metabolite of Dinobryon sp., might have contributed to the fishy odor episode. This study demonstrated that the fishy odor episode in this reservoir might be caused by the abnormal growth of chrysophytes and diatoms under the ice-cover.     

三亚市风景名胜区景观及视觉影响评价的初步探讨

作为海滨海岛类风景名胜区,目前三亚市风景名胜区的景观与视觉影响评价的现状令人担忧,存在着主要通过定性评价来简单评价其景观与视觉影响的问题,没有对其景观与视觉影响进行深入的定量分析.本文通过提出景观与视觉影响评价的基本概念、相互关系及进行视觉影响评价的相关步骤,采用俞孔坚教授提出的定量评价方法对三亚鹿回头公园旅游基础设施建设项目进行景观及视觉影响评价为实例,最终对三亚市旅游景点景观及视觉影响评价提出建议与展望.     

重庆园博园龙景湖的富营养化状态与水质分析

龙景湖位于重庆市北部新区园博园内,以自然降水为补给水源,在构建园博园景观、调节湖区小气候、改善周围生态环境、提供居民休闲等方面具有重要功能。为了及时掌握龙景湖水质变化情况,对水体中TN、TP、CODMn、Chla含量及水体透明度等进行监测分析,运用综合营养状态指数法对龙景湖营养状态进行评价。研究表明:龙景湖水体中TN、TP含量超标污染严重,Chla含量亦较高,其他指标处于正常景观用水范围内,水质总体处于轻度-中度富营养化范围。秋亭桥是全湖水质最差的地方。相关分析表明综合营养状态指数与透明度呈极显著负相关关系,与pH、溶解氧、CODMn、BOD5、Chla呈极显著正相关关系。开展监测以来,龙景湖水质明显恶化,治理工作刻不容缓,应从入湖污染源控制、湖水污染治理及管理工作三方面着手,采取综合治理措施。     

重庆市企业环境信用评价体系建设存在的问题及解决路径研究

目前,建设完善的可操作性强且适合重庆的企业环境信用评价体系是健全重庆市市场经济体制、防范经济金融风险的需要,是重庆市社会信用体系建设的重要内容,也是"诚信重庆"建设的重要环节.通过对重庆市企业环境信用评价体系进行分析,指出了评价体系中存在的评价指标不合理、评价周期长、公众参与度不够、评价结果公信力不足等问题,并从建立评价指标与管理成效响应关系、提高评价过程透明度、加大评价结果运用等方面提出了建立完善重庆市企业环境信用评价体系的解决路径.