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211.
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213.
Herstellung von Einkornschichten aus photographischen Emulsionen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
214.
Zhongkun M Junmin Jeon Sangchai Kim Sangchul Jung Woobum Lee Seonggyu Seo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(10):1785-1789
In this study,the amounts of odorous carbonyl compounds(OCCs) including acetaldehyde(Acet-A),propionaldehyde(Pron-A),butylaldehyde(Buty-A),iso-valeric aldehyde(Iso-Vale-A) and n-valeric aldehyde(N-Vale-A) emitted from a fishery industrial complex near the exhibition facilities of "Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea" were measured.Acet-A was found to be the most abundant OCC,and the total concentrations of the OCCs were the highest in the summer.However,due to vehicular exhaust and photochemical reactions,the concentrations of some of the OCCs presented their highest levels in the fall.A significant correlation between Acet-A and Buty-A was found at the major fishery facilities(r = 0.816,p = 1.87E-15,n = 60) and at the border areas(r = 0.809,p = 3.40E-12,n = 48) of this fishery industrial complex.The concentrations of OCCs at the border areas were not worse than those at the urban areas in other places,indicating that the concentrations of ambient OCCs at the border areas were not greatly influenced by manmade activities. 相似文献
215.
Klaus Jung Karin Kaletta Helmut Segner Gerrit Schüürmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):72-76
A stable isotope15N-nitrogen test (ESIMA = Ecotoxicological Stable Isotope Metabolic Assay) was developed to assess biological effects and the
potential toxicological hazard of chemicals and contaminated environmental samples on plant metabolism. The assay measures
the effect of toxicants on the incorporation of a15N labelled tracer into the total nitrogen fraction (both the nonprotein and protein fraction) of plants. Segments ofPisum arvense epicotyls are used as test substrates because of their high metabolic activity. The plant material is incubated under standardised
conditions for two hours; subsequently15N incorporation is analysed by determining the15N abundance (15N atom-%) in the epicotyl segments.
The effects of toxicants are evaluated by comparing the15N incorporation rates of control tissue and epicotyl segments exposed to individual chemicals or complex environmental samples.
The specificity and sensitivity of effects as indicated by ESIMA were compared with effects as measured by two established
ecotoxicological bioassays, the pollen tube growth test using pollen ofNicotiana sylvestris and the bacterial luminescence inhibition test using pollen ofPhotobacterium phosphoreum. The results of the study clearly indicate the suitability of ESIMA for assessing toxic impacts on plant nitrogen metabolism.
Prof. Dr. habil. Hans Faust dedicated to his 70th birthday. 相似文献
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This study aimed to identify the metal flow in a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system. Outputs of a resource recovery facility, refuse derived fuel (RDF) production facility, carbonization facility, plastics liquefaction facility, composting facility, and bio-gasification facility were analyzed for metal content and leaching concentration. In terms of metal content, bulky and incombustible waste had the highest values. Char from a carbonization facility, which treats household waste, had a higher metal content than MSW incinerator bottom ash. A leaching test revealed that Cd and Pb in char and Pb in RDF production residue exceeded the Japanese regulatory criteria for landfilling, so special attention should be paid to final disposal of these substances. By multiplying metal content and the generation rate of outputs, the metal content of input waste to each facility was estimated. For most metals except Cr, the total contribution ratio of paper/textile/plastics, bulky waste, and incombustible waste was over 80%. Approximately 30% of Cr originated from plastic packaging. Finally, several MSW management scenarios showed that most metals are transferred to landfills and the leaching potential of metals to the environment is quite small. 相似文献
218.
This study is considered the first attempt to apply a mobile monitoring system to estimating silt loading on paved roads in a megacity such as the Seoul metropolitan area. Using a mobile monitoring system developed in 2005, we estimated silt loadings on representative paved roads in the Seoul metropolitan area, including the city of Incheon, over a period of 3 yr. The temporal and spatial characteristics of silt loading were investigated for the carefully selected roads that may reflect the characteristics of the cities of Seoul and Incheon. In this study, changes in the average silt loading values were investigated in terms of land use, the temporal resolution of data acquisition (i.e., seasonal, daily, three-hour scale), the road width or number of lanes, and rainfall, which may affect the characteristics of the average silt loading significantly. It was found that the advantages of using the mobile monitoring system are its ability to obtain a large quantity of silt loading data in a short period of time and over a wide area and its ability to create a silt loading map showing the relative magnitude of silt loading in relation to a specific location, which makes it possible to easily locate hot spots. 相似文献
219.
Levels of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were determined in pooled eggs from herring gulls (Larus argentatus) sampled on three bird sanctuaries near the German North Sea coast between 1988 and 2008 (Mellum and Trischen) and the German Baltic Sea coast between 1998 and 2008 (Heuwiese) and archived by the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Pressurized fluid extraction, gel permeation chromatography, and LC-MS/MS using 13C12-labelled isotope standards and a chiral column were applied. α-HBCD was the dominating diastereomer and ranged between 3.7 and 107 ng g−1 lw while β- and γ-HBCD were throughout close to LOQ. The highest α-HBCD concentration was found in eggs from Mellum sampled in the year 2000. Interestingly, HBCD in eggs from the three islands displayed similar time courses with levels increasing to a peak contamination around 2000 and decreasing levels ever since. Chiral signatures of α-HBCD in eggs differed among the islands but indicated a preferential enrichment of the first eluting enantiomer (−)-α-HBCD. 相似文献
220.
Ji-Eun Jung Simona Liguori Adam D. Jew Gordon E. Brown Jr. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(1):39-53
One of the biggest environmental concerns caused by coal-fired power plants is the emission of mercury (Hg), which is toxic metal. To control the emission of Hg from coal-derived flue gas, it is important to understand the behavior and speciation of Hg as well as the interaction between Hg and solid materials in the flue gas stream. In this study, atomic-scale theoretical investigations using density functional theory (DFT) were carried out in conjunction with laboratory-scale experimental studies to investigate the adsorption behavior of Hg on hematite (α-Fe2O3). According to the DFT simulation, the adsorption energy calculation proposes that Hg physisorbs to the α-Fe2O3(0001) surface with an adsorption energy of ?0.278 eV, and the subsequent Bader charge analysis confirms that Hg is slightly oxidized. In addition, Cl introduced to the Hg-adsorbed surface strengthens the Hg stability on the α-Fe2O3(0001) surface, as evidenced by a shortened Hg-surface equilibrium distance. The projected density of states (PDOS) analysis also suggests that Cl enhances the chemical bonding between the surface and the adsorbate, thereby increasing the adsorption strength. In summary, α-Fe2O3 has the ability to adsorb and oxidize Hg, and this reactivity is enhanced in the presence of Cl. For the laboratory-scale experiments, three types of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared using the precursors Fe(NO3)3, Fe(ClO4)3, and FeCl3, respectively. The particle shapes varied from diamond to irregular stepped and subrounded, and particle size ranged from 20 to 500 nm depending on the precursor used. The nanoparticles had the highest surface area (84.5 m2/g) due to their highly stepped surface morphology. Packed-bed reactor Hg exposure experiments resulted in this nanoparticles adsorbing more than 300 μg Hg/g. The Hg LIII-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy also indicated that HgCl2 physisorbed onto the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles.Implications: Atomic-scale theoretical simulations proposes that Hg physisorbs to the α-Fe2O3(0001) surface with an adsorption energy of ?0.278 eV, and the subsequent Bader charge analysis confirms that Hg is slightly oxidized. In addition, Cl introduced to the Hg-adsorbed surface strengthens the Hg stability on the α-Fe2O3(0001) surface, as evidenced by a shortened Hg-surface equilibrium distance. The PDOS analysis also suggests that Cl enhances the chemical bonding between the surface and the adsorbate, thereby increasing the adsorption strength. Following laboratory-scale experiment of Hg sorption also shows that HgCl2 physisorbs onto α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles which have highly stepped structure. 相似文献