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591.
Sarah Clement Susan A. Moore Michael Lockwood Michael Mitchell 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2017,19(2):135-155
Biodiversity loss is a globally significant problem. Institutional failure to halt this loss suggests current arrangements are not fit for the purpose of conserving biodiversity. The objective of this paper is to diagnose institutional fitness for conserving biodiversity in the Tasmanian Midlands of Australia, a highly modified agricultural landscape with critically endangered biodiversity values. This paper presents and applies a novel diagnostic framework that adopts a broad view of institutional fit, drawing on concepts from adaptive governance, institutional theory, and public administration, and finds four areas of poor fit that can guide reform efforts. The first is a narrow framing of biodiversity objectives, leading to neglect of key social and ecological concerns. Second, the interplay of current arrangements fails to buffer key economic and political drivers, and compromises adaptive capacity. Third, limited government authority and embedded power relations raise questions about the effectiveness and fairness of current approaches. Finally, the reluctance of governments to devolve authority and decision-making powers to self-organizing networks constrains adaptation. This suite of fit problems constrains achievement of biodiversity conservation, particularly in dealing with landscape multifunctionality, the need to balance private landholder rights and responsibilities, and the need to consider how to respond to emerging novel and hybrid ecosystems. 相似文献
592.
Jennifer M. Thomsen Susan C. Caplow 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(7):1153-1172
Transboundary issues, like climate change, threaten the health of natural ecosystems. To address these problems, management is taking place at larger geographic scales and across political boundaries. Although landscapes are considered the suitable scale for conservation, limited research exists on how members of large landscape conservation organizations (LLCOs) define success. The Crown Managers Partnership (CMP) and the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Cooperative (SAMAB) are two LLCOs that support collaboration for the conservation of the Northern Rockies and the Southern Appalachian regions. We analyze the diverse interpretations of success among SAMAB and CMP participants during different stages of the organizations’ life cycle. Of particular importance is how members emphasize intangible successes such as relationships and the cascading effects LLCOs can have on other projects and organizations. This research provides insight into the distinct niche LLCOs fill in transboundary ecosystem management. 相似文献
593.
Rous Andrew M. Midwood Jonathon D. Gutowsky Lee F.G. Lapointe Nicolas W.R. Portiss Rick Sciscione Thomas Wells Mathew G. Doka Susan E. Cooke Steven J. 《Environmental management》2017,59(1):118-128
Environmental Management - Widespread human development has led to impairment of freshwater coastal wetlands and embayments, which provide critical and unique habitat for many freshwater fish... 相似文献
594.
The invasion of the aquarium strain of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia and subsequent alteration of community structure in the Mediterranean Sea raised awareness of the potential for non-native seaweeds to impact coastal communities. An introduction of C. taxifolia in southern California in 2000, presumably from the release of aquarium specimens, cost ~$7 million for eradication efforts. Besides C. taxifolia, other Caulerpa species being sold for aquarium use also may have the potential to invade southern Californian and U.S. waters. Surveys of the availability of Caulerpa species in southern California aquarium retail stores in 2000-2001 revealed that 26 of 50 stores sold at least one Caulerpa species (52 %) with seven stores selling C. taxifolia. In late 2001, California imposed a ban on the importation, sale, or possession of nine Caulerpa species; the City of San Diego expanded these regulations to include the entire genus. To determine the effectiveness of the California ban, we resurveyed Caulerpa availability at 43 of the 50 previously sampled retail stores in southern California in ~2006, ~4 years following the ban. Of the 43 stores, 23 sold Caulerpa (53 %) with four stores selling C. taxifolia. A χ(2) test of frequency of availability before and after the California ban suggests that the ban has not been effective and that the aquarium trade continues to represent a potential vector for distributing Caulerpa specimens, including C. taxifolia. This study underscores the need for increased enforcement and outreach programs to increase awareness among the aquarium industry and aquarium hobbyists. 相似文献
595.
Emmet M. Owens Steven W. Effler Anthony R. Prestigiacomo David A. Matthews Susan M. ODonnell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(4):707-721
Owens, Emmet M., Steven W. Effler, Anthony R. Prestigiacomo, David A. Matthews, and Susan M. O’Donnell, 2012. Observations and Modeling of Stream Plunging in an Urban Lake. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 707‐721. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00646.x Abstract: The plunging behavior of two tributaries in Onondaga Lake, New York, is quantified based on a program of monitoring, process studies, and modeling. The dynamics of buoyancy of the tributaries are resolved with hourly measurements of temperature (T), specific conductance (SC), and turbidity (Tn) at the mouths, and observations every 6 h in the lake. Negative buoyancy of the tributaries is found to diminish and change rapidly during runoff events compared to dry periods. In‐lake patterns of the transport of plunging inflow are resolved for dry weather conditions using a dye tracer, and following a runoff event through measurements of T, SC, and Tn. The hydrodynamic/transport model ELCOM (Estuary Lake and Coastal Ocean Model) is demonstrated to perform well in simulating these patterns. Analyses conducted with the model establish the importance of diurnal effects and in‐lake mixing mediated by wind, the need for temporally detailed measurements during runoff events, and modifications of the plunging behavior of the urban tributary as it passes through a harbor. The model provides critical information to support rehabilitation programs for the lake by quantifying the transport of the two largest tributaries, particularly the distribution of the loads between the upper waters and stratified layers. The model predicts that 10% of the urban tributary load enters the upper waters of the lake within 24 h for a dry weather period; this portion increases to 30% for a runoff event. 相似文献
596.
Water Challenges for Geologic Carbon Capture and Sequestration 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has been proposed as a means to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions with the
continued use of fossil fuels. For geologic sequestration, the carbon dioxide is captured from large point sources (e.g.,
power plants or other industrial sources), transported to the injection site and injected into deep geological formations
for storage. This will produce new water challenges, such as the amount of water used in energy resource development and utilization
and the “capture penalty” for water use. At depth, brine displacement within formations, storage reservoir pressure increases
resulting from injection, and leakage are potential concerns. Potential impacts range from increasing water demand for capture
to contamination of groundwater through leakage or brine displacement. Understanding these potential impacts and the conditions
under which they arise informs the design and implementation of appropriate monitoring and controls, important both for assurance
of environmental safety and for accounting purposes. Potential benefits also exist, such as co-production and treatment of
water to both offset reservoir pressure increase and to provide local water for beneficial use. 相似文献
597.
Stewart Lockie Susan Rockloff Danielle Helbers Maharlina Gorospe-Lockie Karen Lawrence 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2009,52(4):437-455
Extensive forms of resource use are rarely subject to detailed environmental and social assessment. This paper outlines a potential methodology for assessment of the social impacts of extensive resource use activities based on the Pressure-State-Impact-Response (PSIR) model of integrated indicator development. It then tests this methodology through a case study of changed water flow regimes in Central Queensland's Fitzroy River catchment. While resource degradation associated with interruptions to flow was expected to force all resource users to face higher costs and greater uncertainty, negative social impacts were particularly concentrated among vulnerable groups and downstream industries. Extension of the PSIR framework and methodology proved useful in linking social and biophysical research and would thus appear to offer some potential as a model for incorporating social concerns within natural resource decision making. 相似文献
598.
Jordan M. West Susan H. Julius Peter Kareiva Carolyn Enquist Joshua J. Lawler Brian Petersen Ayana E. Johnson M. Rebecca Shaw 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1001-1021
Public lands and waters in the United States traditionally have been managed using frameworks and objectives that were established
under an implicit assumption of stable climatic conditions. However, projected climatic changes render this assumption invalid.
Here, we summarize general principles for management adaptations that have emerged from a major literature review. These general
principles cover many topics including: (1) how to assess climate impacts to ecosystem processes that are key to management
goals; (2) using management practices to support ecosystem resilience; (3) converting barriers that may inhibit management
responses into opportunities for successful implementation; and (4) promoting flexible decision making that takes into account
challenges of scale and thresholds. To date, the literature on management adaptations to climate change has mostly focused
on strategies for bolstering the resilience of ecosystems to persist in their current states. Yet in the longer term, it is
anticipated that climate change will push certain ecosystems and species beyond their capacity to recover. When managing to
support resilience becomes infeasible, adaptation may require more than simply changing management practices—it may require
changing management goals and managing transitions to new ecosystem states. After transitions have occurred, management will
again support resilience—this time for a new ecosystem state. Thus, successful management of natural resources in the context
of climate change will require recognition on the part of managers and decisions makers of the need to cycle between “managing
for resilience” and “managing for change.” 相似文献
599.
Susan J. Van De Meene Rebekah R. Brown 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(6):1448-1464
van de Meene, Susan J. and Rebekah R. Brown, 2009. Delving into the “Institutional Black Box”: Revealing the Attributes of Sustainable Urban Water Management Regimes. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1448‐1464. Abstract: This paper is based on the proposition that the transition to sustainable urban water management has been hampered by the lack of insight into attributes of a sustainable urban water regime. Significant progress has been made in developing technical solutions to advance urban water practice, however it is the co‐evolution of the socio‐institutional and technical systems that enable a system‐wide transition. A systematic analysis of 81 empirical studies across a range of practice areas was undertaken to construct a schema of the sustainable urban water regime attributes. Attributes were identified and analyzed using a framework of nested management regime spheres: the administrative and regulatory system, inter‐organizational, intra‐organizational, and human resources spheres. The regime is likely to involve significant stakeholder involvement, collaborative inter‐organizational relationships, flexible and adaptive organizational cultures, and motivated and engaging employees. Comparison of the constructed sustainable and traditional regime attributes reveals that to realize sustainable urban water management in practice a substantial shift in governance is required. This difference emphasizes the critical need for explicitly supported strategies targeted at developing each management regime sphere to further enable change toward sustainable urban water management. 相似文献
600.
Injury severity related to overturn characteristics of tractors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Melvin L. Myers Author VitaeAuthor Vitae Susan C. Westneat Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(2):165-170