Investigation of the hydrodynamic behavior of diatom aggregates using particle image velocimetry

The hydrodynamic behavior of diatom aggregates has a significant influence on the interactions and flocculation kinetics of algae. However, characterization of the hydrodynamics of diatoms and diatom aggregates in water is rather difficult. In this laboratory study, an advanced visualization technique in particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to investigate the hydrodynamic properties of settling diatom aggregates. The experiments were conducted in a settling column filled with a suspension of fluorescent polymeric beads as seed tracers. A laser light sheet was generated by the PIV setup to illuminate a thin vertical planar region in the settling column, while the motions of particles were recorded by a high speed charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. This technique was able to capture the trajectories of the tracers when a diatom aggregate settled through the tracer suspension. The PIV results indicated directly the curvilinear feature of the streamlines around diatom aggregates. The rectilinear collision model largely overestimated the collision areas of the settling particles. Algae aggregates appeared to be highly porous and fractal, which allowed streamlines to penetrate into the aggregate interior. The diatom aggregates have a fluid collection efficiency of 10%-40%. The permeable feature of aggregates can significantly enhance the collisions and flocculation between the aggregates and other small particles including algal cells in water.     

Are we planning for sustainable disaster recovery? Evaluating recovery plans after the Wenchuan earthquake

This article examines local recovery plans that were created in response to the Wenchuan earthquake and then suggests ways that planners can better apply the concept of sustainability to the recovery process. We utilize a plan evaluation protocol to analyze 16 recovery plans in counties and towns that were severely affected by the earthquake. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with public officials and planners, with the qualitative data gleaned from these interviews being used to supplement the plan quality assessment. The results reveal that local recovery plans do not appear to have incorporated sufficiently the concepts of sustainability. We conclude the paper with the following recommendations: emphasizing sustainability as a policy priority during vision and goal development; developing solid databases and planning techniques; designing a diversified set of regulatory- and incentive-based policy tools suitable for local governments; enhancing social and institutional learning; and further integrating multi-level and interagency governmental units.     

山东半岛南部近海海水及动物石油烃污染状况

根据2007年11月对山东半岛南部近海海水和动物体的石油烃污染水平检测结果,分析表层海水及动物体石油烃含量分布特征,评估该海域受石油烃污染程度。结果表明,调查海区表层海水中石油烃含量范围为(0.017~0.069)mg/L,平均含量为0.031 mg/L,鱼类体内石油烃含量范围为(2.24~30.31)×10-6,平均为11.59×10-6;软体类含量范围为(4.19~36.49)×10-6,平均为19.83×10-6;甲壳类含量范围为(8.41~49.07)×10-6,平均为18.47×10-6。海水和动物体石油烃含量分布特征,均呈近岸高、离岸低趋势。虽然调查区域海水和动物体石油烃污染状况为轻度,但日照港和胶州湾海域污染状况却不容忽视。     

安徽省TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变同震效应分析

描述了安徽省地震局"十一五"期间安装的5套钻孔体应变仪的地质构造特点与钻孔岩芯物理特性,介绍了TJ-Ⅱ体应变仪的运行情况。通过对两次强震活动的同震效应分析,初步探讨了地理、地质构造条件不同的情况下,各观测井对记录应力活动能力强弱的反映。     

衡阳丰乐五号西瓜空心畸形事件调查及气候影响分析

2009年6月衡阳丰乐五号西瓜出现空心、畸形现象,果农经济损失惨重。经相关部门多次调查发现,5月下旬持续低温阴雨天气是造成该事件发生的主要原因,栽培管理不当导致灾损进一步发展。历史数据分析表明,衡阳5月低温天气发生频率为67.57%,主要出现在上旬后期—中旬前期。进入新世纪以后,低温发生频率减少,强度减弱。对西瓜提前栽种似乎更加有利,但由此所带来的风险更大,为了保险起见,应大力推进设施栽培,采用小拱架双膜覆盖等栽培技术。     

附积床生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化脱氮特性

基于传统的生物膜技术开发了新型的附积床生物膜反应器并考察其脱氮效果.结果表明,在不同HRT下可以获得稳定的COD去除效果,平均去除率达81.7%;在水力停留时间为3.90 h,NH+4-N、TN的平均负荷分别为0.47 kg/(m3.d)、0.59kg/(m3.d)时,可以获得NH+4-N 92.7%和TN 67.5%的去除效果.实验中混合液的溶解氧浓度(DO)是影响TN去除效果的最重要因素,pH是影响NH4+-N、TN去除效果的重要因素之一,最佳脱氮效果的控制条件为DO在0.1～2.0 mg/L之间,pH值在7.0～7.5之间,分析了实验中同步硝化反硝化脱氮的机制.     

基于高空间分辨率遥感影像的城市绿地提取方法研究

城市绿地是城市生态系统的一个重要子系统,在改善城市环境质量和居民生活水平方面扮演着越来越重要的作用。因此,如何及时获取城市绿地的分布及其变化,对于保护城市生态环境至关重要。本研究提出了一种基于高空间分辨率遥感影像的城市绿地提取方法,并珠海市为研究区域,利用Worldview-2遥感影像进行了城市绿地提取实验。结果表明,城市绿地提取结果比较理想,总体精度为94．09%,Kappa系数为0．94,但建设用地和裸地、城市绿地和建设用地之间仍然容易错分。     

南宁市区交通环境空气颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征分析研究

含碳颗粒物是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对人体健康产生很大的威胁.分别于2012年夏季及2013年冬季在南宁市选取六条主要交通干道采集了PM10、PM2.5样品,分析测定了其中的碳组分.结果表明,碳组分浓度季节变化明显.碳组分在细颗粒物中占有比重比在可吸入颗粒物中大.存在二次有机碳污染.对8种碳组分丰度分析说明南宁市大气颗粒物中碳组分的主要来源是燃煤、机动车尾气及生物质样品燃烧.     

络合铁法脱除硫化氢技术

在此介绍了络合铁脱硫原理 ;并进行了络合铁法脱除酸性气体中硫化氢的研究 ,实验结果表明 :络合铁脱硫工艺具有吸收速度快、脱硫效率高等特点。     

西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区旅游开发的战略意义及可行性分析

西鄂尔多斯自然保护区是一个以保护古老残遗植物及草原向荒漠过渡的植被带和多样的生态系统为主要对象的综合性自然保护区。受传统资源开发模式的影响，生态环境十分脆弱，保护难度极大。西部大开发为这一区域旅游开发提供了机遇，通过旅游开发，建立新的经济开发模式，促使区域生态环境好转，以促进保护区的建设和发展。本文就该区域旅游开发的战略意义和可行性进行了探讨。