Shinella zoogloeoides BC026对吡啶的降解特性研究

从首钢焦化厂的污水处理系统中分离1株能以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源的细菌BC026,它具有自絮凝特性,对卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素和壮观霉素具有抗性,可在阿须贝无氮培养基中良好生长.通过16S rRNA序列分析和Biolog微生物鉴定系统鉴定,确定该菌为Shinella zoogloeoides.纯菌对单基质的降解实验表明,在30℃、180 r/min和pH为7的条件下,当投菌量为0.1 g/L时,BC026可在17 h内将400 mg/L吡啶完全降解;在吡啶初始浓度为99～1 806 mg/L的无机盐培养基中,BC026均能保持降解活性,较高初始浓度的吡啶对BC026的生长产生一定抑制,但BC026在适应后对吡啶的降解速率较快;降解最适温度为30～35℃,最适pH为8.BC026对吡啶的代谢途径研究表明：降解的第一步是断开吡啶的2条C—N链,生成氨氮和戊二醛,随后戊二醛被氧化为戊二酸,并最终转化为二氧化碳和水;吡啶中的氮有59.5%转化成氨氮.     

关于多氯联苯测定的探讨

对PCB测定中所使用的Aroclor和单体标准品的区别、联系和使用进行了分析阐述,并对PCB测定中的气相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、生物分析法、免疫分析法的优点、局限性进行了比较.对今后的PCB的测定提出了建议。     

含感潮河流的海岸带海水入侵特性的调查研究

以太平洋附近3.2 km2的区域为调查对象。首先,通过区域内的19口地质调查井,确认了含水层由透水性不同的多层土质构成,含水层以下的不透水层总体上从海岸开始呈逐渐隆起的山丘状。其次,通过测量距海岸不同距离的10口井水铅直方向电导率,确认了咸淡水混合区域特征点和地下水面伴随着潮汐的波动而变化的规律。即,在同一位置不同季节,其变化的特征不同;同一季节不同位置的调查井,因所处位置的地质构造及与海岸、感潮河流距离的不同,其变化特征也不同,这与迄今为止的众多研究结果不同。此外,通过分布于区域内的36个电法探测点的探查和井水铅直方向电导率的调查认为,海水入侵虽然受到感潮河流的一定影响,但从整个调查区域来看海水仍以"楔状"向着内陆入侵。同时,针对调查区域的不透水层的特征建立的数理模型对以上的部分调查结果给出了定性解释。     

地质地球化学特性对四川名优茶品质的影响

通过对四川名优茶产区地质、地球化学特征的研究,认为茶园海拔高度、土壤结构、土壤元素组合等对茶叶的品质具有深刻的影响。进一步研究了茶叶的感官指标:外形、汤色、香气、滋味、叶底与茶产地地质地球化学特征的关系,认为营养元素和有毒有害元素的丰缺不仅关系到茶叶的长势和饮用健康性,更是从口味上造成了影响。     

军用物资航空运输振动冲击环境条件研究

介绍了军用物资航空运输的特点和分类,分析了军用物资在飞机起飞、降落、跑道滑行、飞行中,因气流变化以及空投时物资着陆和装卸而产生的振动冲击等,并给出了一定的振动冲击值。同时,结合振动冲击等环境条件对物资的影响,提出了安全防护的几点措施,为军用物资航空运输的安全性提供理论依据和技术参考。     

基于网络监管系统的机动车排气污染控制管理

通过建立南京市机动车排气污染网络监管系统,将车辆上牌、尾气年检、路检抽检、公交治理、标志管理、区域限行、维修治理等有关机动车污染控制的工作环节纳入到系统中,实现全过程在线实时监控,以保证工作过程的规范性、检测数据的真实性和监督管理的科学高效性。     

Range of ecological impact of highway construction in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, China

The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper. For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health; the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.     

One century record of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in core sediments from the southern Yellow Sea

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at a 2-cm interval in a core sample from the middle of the southern Yellow Sea for elucidating their historical variations in inflow and sources. The chronology was obtained using the 210Pb method. PAHs concentrations decreased generally with depth and two climax values occurred in 14–16 cm and 20–22 cm layers, demonstrating that the production and usage of PAHs might reach peaks in the periods of 1956–1962...     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

凹凸棒石/γ-Fe_2O_3/碳纳米复合材料的制备及其对苯酚的吸附作用

为获得同时具有有机亲和性和磁分离特性的吸附材料,以凹凸棒石黏土和废活性白土为原材料,通过铁盐水解共沉淀和在氢气气氛下程序升温煅烧的方法,制备廉价的凹凸棒石γ-Fe2O3/碳纳米复合材料.运用磁化率分析,红外吸收光谱,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析和碳含量分析对其进行了表征,并研究了复合材料吸附去除水中苯酚的动力学、吸附试验中pH的影响及同等条件下与其他吸附材料吸附性能的对比.结果表明,复合材料的磁化率值为2 769×10-8m3/kg,用磁分离工序即可把该吸附材料从溶液中快速分离出来;铁的磁性氧化物以γ-Fe2O3的形态负载到凹凸棒石表面,颗粒直径为10～60nm;碳以无定形的形态负载在凹凸棒石晶体表面;复合材料中的ω(碳)为7.4%,材料中出现了有机官能团-CH3和-CH2-.对苯酚的吸附试验表明,复合材料对苯酚的去除率是凹凸棒石原矿的3倍.