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371.
Peng X Zhang K Tang C Huang Q Yu Y Cui J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):446-454
Occurrence, behavior and fate of several groups of antibacterials were investigated in municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, and urban river water in China. Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin), macrolides (dehydroerythromycin, roxithromycin, and clarithromycin), sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine) and trimethoprim were ubiquitously detected in the wastewater in China. Fluoroquinolones were generally the most abundant in the raw sewage, with a maximum concentration of up to 6415 ng L(-1) observed for norfloxacin. Sulfonamides and macrolides transported predominantly in the aqueous phase. A median percentage of 67% of sulfonamides and 86% of macrolides remained in the final effluent after treatment in sewage treatment plants. On the contrary, sorption played a significant role in transport of fluoroquinolones and approximately half of the fluoroquinolones finally ended up and persisted in the dewatered sludge. In the urban section of the Pearl River at Guangzhou, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and macrolides were widely present at median concentrations of 22-735 ng L(-1), whereas fluoroquinolones were only occasionally detected at 2-152 ng L(-1), probably due to their strong tendency of partition to sediment and/or photodegradability. The result of principal components analysis suggests input of non-sewage derived sulfamethazine in the Pearl River. Seasonal variations of the antibacterials distribution in the wastewater are mainly ascribed to different consumption. Dilution effect by precipitation, however, also plays an important role in seasonal distribution of the antibacterials in the Pearl River. 相似文献
372.
Yuanhang Zhang Yuesi Wang Xin Jin Zirui Liu Gehui Wang Guiqian Tang Keding Lu Bo Hu Shanshan Wang Guohui Li Xinqin An Chao Wang Qihou Hu Lingyan He Fenfen Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):350-366
Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning, but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain uncertain. Driven by national demand for air pollution control in recent years, Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC research. This paper will give a brief review of these developments. First, AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIe) and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIp) based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics, respectively. A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing, and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the country. In addition, the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·, HO2·, NO3· radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse environments. Moreover, laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O3 and NO2, which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere, and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies, multiphase and multi-interface conditions were obtained. Finally, based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars, simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been optimized. Normalized numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed, and regional coordination of AOC was adjusted. An optimized plan for controlling O3 and PM2.5 was analyzed by scenario simulation. 相似文献
373.
利用常规地面气象资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及全国PM2.5浓度数据,并结合后向轨迹、空气污染输送指数和传输通量分析,针对2019年12月10~11日一次冷锋输送造成我国中东部地区出现的大范围霾天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:(1)霾期间高空500hPa以经向环流为主,伴随着高空低压槽引导地面冷锋向东南方向移动,污染物浓度大值区也依次由华北地区移至黄淮、江淮地区.(2)冷锋过境前,华北至长江三角洲区域PM2.5浓度均有明显增涨;北京以偏南方向的污染物输入为主,济南以西北和偏东方向输入为主,南京则主要是偏北和偏西方向的输入.(3)冷锋过境时,冷空气迅速将北京站的污染物清除;而济南站则受高压底部偏东风回流的影响,PM2.5浓度维持在50μg/m3左右;冷锋推进至南京站时西北风已较小,对污染物的清除作用不明显.以江苏省为例,整个过程中,江苏本地污染物贡献占25.8%,江苏以外的污染物贡献占74.2%,以输送为主.(4)冷锋过境后,3站的边界层结构也略有不同,北京站的逆温层迅速被打破;济南站由于受海上暖湿平流影响,近地面由等温层变成逆温层;而南京站的近地面则由逆温层变为等温层.本研究揭示了在冷锋南下过程中,上游污染物对下游地区的影响,以及南北方站点表现出不同的污染物变化和清除特征. 相似文献
374.
Nowadays, iron ions as a ubiquitous heavy metal pollutant are gradually concerned and the convenient and quick removal of excessive iron ions in groundwater has become a major challenge for the safety of drinking water. In this study, boron-doped biochar (B-BC) was successfully prepared at various preparation conditions with the addition of boric acid. The as-prepared material has a more developed pore structure and a larger specific surface area (up to 897.97 m²/g). A series of characterization results shows that boric acid effectively activates biochar, and boron atoms are successfully doped on biochar. Compared with the ratio of raw materials, the pyrolysis temperature has a greater influence on the amount of boron doping. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of 800B-BC1:2 at 25 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C are 50.02 mg/g, 95.09 mg/g, 132.78 mg/g, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model can better describe the adsorption process, the adsorption process is mainly chemical adsorption. Chemical complexation, ions exchange, and co-precipitation may be the main mechanisms for Fe2+ removal. 相似文献
375.
Chen Xiude Chen Guocai Lin Miaoxin Tang Kai Ye Bin 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(9):2919-2942
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Rampant corruption exists in China’s energy-intensive industries. However, we know little about the nexus of corruption and enterprise green innovation... 相似文献
376.
Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is mainly performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the activities of AOA and AOB in soil and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation are unclear, and whether there is a significant correlation between the quantity of AOA and AOB and the ammonia oxidation rate is also controversial. In this study, quantitative PCR combined with acetylene (C2H2) and 1-octyne inhibition methods were used to determine the quantity and activity of AOA and AOB in wheat, highland barley, and oilseed rape soils in Nyingchi, Lhatse, Sangzhuzi, and Sangri counties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the quantity of AOB ((2.34 ± 0.84) ×105 - (2.65 ± 1.07) ×106 copies g-1 dry soil) was significantly higher than that of AOA ((0.20 ± 0.10) ×104 - (4.02 ± 0.39) ×104 copies g-1 dry soil) in all the soil samples. Soil pH was the key factor affecting the quantity of AOB, and the total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen in soil were the key factors affecting the quantity of AOA. The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse (2.42 ± 0.73 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangzhuzi (3.24 ± 1.15 mg kg-1 d-1) were significantly higher than those in the soils of Nyingchi (1.17 ± 0.43 mg kg-1 d-1) and Sangri counties (0.88 ± 0.57 mg kg-1 d-1). The rates of ammonia oxidation in the farmland soils of Lhatse and Sangzhuzi were dominated by AOB, while those in the farmland soils of Nyingchi and Sangri counties were dominated by AOA. For crops, the ammonia oxidation rates of wheat and oilseed rape soils in all four regions were significantly higher than those of highland barley soil, whereas the activity of AOA and AOB was not influenced by crops. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was the key factor influencing AOA activity, whereas soil pH and total carbon were the main factors influencing AOB activity. Additionally, the quantities of AOA and AOB were not significantly correlated with the total ammonia oxidation rates and AOA and AOB activity. Overall, our study suggests that both AOA and AOB play important roles in ammonia oxidation in farmland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Moreover, it is unreliable to predict the activity of AOA and AOB and their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation directly based on their number of amoA genes, and the activity of AOA and AOB should be directly and accurately measured. These results are important for understanding ammonia nitrogen removal processes, slowing nitrate loss, and reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide in the farmland ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
377.
Xu Zhenlan Tang Tao Lin Qin Yu Jianzhong Zhang Changpeng Zhao Xueping Kah Melanie Li Lingxiangyu 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(3):2097-2108
Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the escalating food demand of the ever-increasing global population and the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanopesticides are being proposed as... 相似文献
378.
Liu Yucan Ji Xianguo Yang Jingjie Tang Wei Zhu Yuliang Wang Ying Zhang Yanxiang Zhang Yan Duan Jinming Li Wei 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):43928-43941
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Atrazine (ATZ), a widely used herbicide, had received a significant amount of attention due to its widespread detection in aquatic environments as... 相似文献
379.
Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar Chen Kezhen Khalid Foqia Yu Chunna Tang Xianjin Li Aili Shen Chaofeng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(4):4991-5005
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - E-waste generation has become a serious environmental challenge worldwide. Taizhou of Zhejiang Province, situated on the southeast coastline of China,... 相似文献
380.
Wu Jian Sha Chenyan Li Dayan Shen Cheng Tang Hao Huang Shenfa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(50):75258-75270
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Spatial and temporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) deposition fluxes and sources may significantly facilitate risk evaluation... 相似文献