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排序方式: 共有213条查询结果,搜索用时 135 毫秒
91.
This study presents an assessment, resulting from consultation with experts in steppe-bird conservation (scientists, officers and conservationists) using the Delphi method, of a broad range of agri-environmental measures (AEMs) which have been applied in agricultural areas in Spain, with particular reference to four threatened steppe bird species. The measures which experts have valued most highly relate to the maintenance of fallow land, the prohibition of agrochemicals and the suspension of certain agricultural practices when the species are nesting. Other AEMs which have frequently been mentioned as beneficial for steppe birds, including the maintenance of straw-mulched fallows and the abandonment of farmland, were rejected by the experts. The assessment showed a high degree of consensus between experts, although differences between the four studied species were detected. Delphi assessment indicated that different birds need different AEMs. In addition, expert evaluation showed that different AEMs can cause the same effect on the target species, which could generate an over-implementation of measures. Finally, we evaluated the financial implementation of the AEMs selected by the Delphi using a Special Protection Area for birds (SPA) in the Madrid region as a case study. All the hypothetical scenarios used yielded assumable costs, oscillating between 1 and 2 times the current AEMs expenditure. In conclusion, in extensive agrarian systems with already high conservation merits, the implementation of AEMS could be improved using species-specific assessments, thus avoiding over-implementation and improving the fit between costs and benefits for conservation. 相似文献
92.
Zamulina Inna V. Gorovtsov Andrey V. Minkina Tatiana M. Mandzhieva Saglara S. Burachevskaya Marina V. Bauer Tatiana V. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):387-398
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Organic matter (OM) and enzymes activity can act as indicators of the time and level of soil contamination with heavy metal. The goal of this study is... 相似文献
93.
Konstantinova Elizaveta Minkina Tatiana Konstantinov Alexandr Sushkova Svetlana Antonenko Elena Kurasova Alina Loiko Sergey 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):409-432
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study investigated levels and sources of pollution and potential health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic... 相似文献
94.
Gavriliev Sakhayaan Petrova Tatiana Miklyaev Petr 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(59):88606-88617
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This article delves into the factors that may influence radon flux, such as soil properties and weather conditions, on the example of two experimental... 相似文献
95.
For many plant species, seed dispersal is one of the most important spatial demographic processes. We used a diffusion approximation and a spatially explicit simulation model to explore the mechanisms generating seed dispersal kernels for plants dispersed by frugivores. The simulation model combined simple movement and foraging rules with seed gut passage time, plant distribution, and fruit production. A simulation experiment using plant spatial aggregation and frugivore density as factors showed that seed dispersal scale was largely determined by the degree of plant aggregation, whereas kernel shape was mostly dominated by frugivore density. Kernel shapes ranged from fat tailed to thin tailed, but most shapes were between an exponential and that of the solution of a diffusion equation. The proportion of dispersal kernels with fat tails was highest for landscapes with clumped plant distributions and increased with increasing number of dispersers. The diffusion model provides a basis for models including more behavioral details but can also be used to approximate dispersal kernels once a diffusion rate is estimated from animal movement data. Our results suggest that important characteristics of dispersal kernels will depend on the spatial pattern of plant distribution and on disperser density when frugivores mediate seed dispersal. 相似文献
96.
Kolehmainen E Tuppurainen K Lanina SA Sievänen E Laihia K Boyarskiy VP Nikiforov VA Zhesko TE 《Chemosphere》2006,62(3):368-374
Two quantum chemical models have been derived for the prediction of 13C NMR chemical shifts of novel PCB acids obtained from PCBs by catalytic carbonylation. 13C isotropic shielding constants were calculated employing the GIAO (gauge-independent atomic orbital) method with density functional theory (DFT). The best results were obtained by cluster calculations, which took the solvent effects into account properly. In this approach, a solvent molecule (acetone) was attached by a hydrogen bond to every hydrogen atom present in a PCB acid, and the geometry of the molecular cluster was optimized employing the AM1 method. For 158 chemical shifts, the cross-validated standard error was 2.8 ppm and the cross-validated correlation coefficient was 0.94. 相似文献
97.
Bartkow ME Kennedy KE Huckins JN Holling N Komarova T Müller JF 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(2):371-376
Semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were loaded with deuterated anthracene and pyrene as performance reference compounds (PRCs) and deployed at a test site in four different chambers (open and closed box chamber, bowl chamber and cage chamber) for 29 days. The losses of PRCs and the uptake of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the ambient air were quantified. UV-B levels measured in each deployment chamber indicated that SPMDs would be exposed to the most UV-B in the cage chamber and open box chamber. Significantly less PAHs were quantified in SPMDs deployed in the cage chamber and open box chamber compared to samplers from the other two chambers, suggesting that photodegradation of PAHs had occurred. The loss of PRCs confirmed these results but also showed that photodegradation was occurring in the closed box chamber. The bowl chamber appears to provide the best protection from the influence of direct photodegradation. 相似文献
98.
Juan Manuel López-García Hugues-Alexandre Blain Ethel Allué Sandra Bañuls Amelia Bargalló Patricia Martín Juan Ignacio Morales Mireia Pedro Anna Rodríguez Alex Solé F. Xavier Oms 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):753-761
A refugium is generally understood as an area where temperate species survive cold periods, such as the Iberian, Italian, or Balkan Peninsulas in Europe. Strictly speaking, this definition refers to what is known as a glacial refugium. However, there are various types of lesser-known refugia such as the interglacial refugium, which denotes a mountainous region at low latitudes, such as the Pyrenees, where species adapted to the cold survive during interstadial periods. The small-vertebrate association from the sequence of Cova Colomera, which is located on the southern face of the Pyrenees and contains the final cold spell of the Late Pleistocene and the beginnings of the temperate period in which we currently find ourselves (the Holocene), could constitute the first fossil evidence of such an interglacial refugium, thus providing new paleoecological data on the phenomenon. 相似文献
99.
100.