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Dao TH 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(2):694-701
Information is needed on organic polyphosphates such as myo-inositol 1,2,3,5/4,6-hexakis dihydrogenphosphate or phytate (IP6) contribution to the sources and sinks of dissolved phosphorus (PO4-P) in the soil-manure-water system. Effects of Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ and cation to IP6-P mole ratios on the enzymatic dephosphorylation of IP6 were studied to determine controlling mechanisms of dephosphorylation and persistence in manure. Phytate- and PO4-P were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Phytate dephosphorylation by Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Henn. phytase EC 3.1.3.8 decreases by 50 +/- 3.6 and 40 +/- 4% at pH 4.5 and 6, respectively, as Ca2+ concentrations increase and cation to IP6-P mole ratios reach 6:6. Polyanionic IP6 has a high affinity for Al3+ and Fe3+ and reductions in dephosphorylation average 27 and 32% at a cation to IP6-P mole ratio of 1:6 for Al3+ and Fe3+, respectively, while reaching more than 99% at a mole ratio of 6:6. A phytase-hydrolyzable phosphorus (PHP) fraction is native to ruminant animal manure and is proportional to total solids (TS) concentration in 1 to 100 g L(-1) suspensions. Added phytase, in effect, increases water-extractable P content of manure and the risk of environmental P dispersion. As the bioavailability and ecological effect of IP6-P appear to be regulated not only by pH-controlled enzyme activity but also by the associated counterions, the differential protective effects of cations influence the accuracy of manure PHP fraction estimates and increase phytate resistance to enzymatic dephosphorylation that may lead to its persistence in manure. 相似文献
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Extracellular phosphohydrolases mediate the dephosphorylation of phosphoesters and influence bioavailability and loss of agricultural P to the environment to pose risks of impairment of sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Induction and culture of five strains of Aspergillus were conducted to develop a source of high-affinity and robust phosphohydrolases for detecting environmental P and quantifying bioactive P pools in heterogeneous environmental specimens. Enzyme stability and activity against organic P in poultry litter were evaluated in 71 samples collected across poultry producing regions of Arkansas, Maryland, and Oklahoma of the US Differences existed in strains' adaptability to fermentation medium as they showed a wide range of phytate-degrading activity. Phosphohydrolases from Aspergillus ficuum had highest activity when the strain was cultured on a primarily chemical medium, compared to Aspergillus oryzae which preferred a wheat bran-based organic medium. Kinetics parameters of A. ficuum enzymes (K(m)=210 microM; V(max) of 407 nmol s(-1)) indicated phytic acid-degrading potential equivalent to that of commercial preparations. Purified A. ficuum phosphohydrolases effectively quantified litter bioactive P pools, showing that organic P occurred at an average of 54 (+/-14)% of total P, compared to inorganic phosphates, which averaged 41 (+/-12)%. Litter management and land application options must consider the high water-extractable and organic P concentrations and the biological availability of the organic enzyme-labile P pool. Robustness of A. ficuum enzymes and simplicity of the in situ ligand-based enzyme assay may thus increase routine assessment of litter bioactive P composition to sense for on-farm accumulation of such environmentally-sensitive P forms. 相似文献
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舟山群岛港口发展有广阔前景 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
舟山海域位于长江水道和我国南北洋通道交汇的前沿,是我国南北海运的要冲与江海联运的枢纽,地理位置非常优越。舟山的三大优势资源“鱼、港、景”中,港的优势得天独厚拥有极为丰富的深水岩线,建设第四、五代大型集装箱泊位及其他大型深水泊位,发展潜能很大。舟山港域的发展提出了三点建议:1、充分利用区域优势,北依上海,南托宁波,定位于华东沿海重要的区域性洪口,成为长江三角洲口群体中的一个重要组成部分。2、利用岛屿 相似文献
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气体爆炸是工业生产和生活领域中爆炸灾害的主要形式之一,研究障碍物对管道内可燃气体爆炸的影响规律具有十分重要的现实意义。运用计算流体动力学软件AutoReaGas,定量地研究了障碍物阻塞率、个数等因素对管道中预混乙炔/空气混和物爆炸压力场的影响规律。计算结果表明,障碍物的个数和阻塞比对管道内乙炔气体爆炸峰值超压均有显著影响。本文的研究结果对于预防和控制气体爆炸灾害有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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净化汽车尾气的三效催化剂 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在我国,汽车尾气对大气的污染日趋严重,使用三效催化剂净化汽车尾气势在必行。介绍了几种主要的三效催化剂及其应用情况。 相似文献
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以SnO2为载体,Au为活性组分,采用真空浸渍法、共沉淀法、沉积沉淀法制备CO氧化的催化剂,同时还制备双金属体系催化剂Au-Pd/SnO2和Au-Pt/SnO2。用气相色谱对所制备的催化剂进行活性评价,运用DSC、SEM、XRD、BET等对催化剂进行表征。在本实验条件下,载体二氧化锡焙烧温度为500 ℃,催化剂成型温度为350 ℃,金负载量为3%(wt.)时,用沉积-沉淀法制备的Au/SnO2活性最好,在18 ℃,空速为24 000 h-1条件下就能将CO(浓度为4%)完全氧化为CO2;添加铂和钯可提高Au/SnO2对CO的催化活性。 相似文献