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31.
Ubiquity of parasporin-1 producers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> natural populations of Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Uemori A Maeda M Yasutake K Ohgushi A Kagoshima K Mizuki E Ohba M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(1):34-38
Parasporin, a Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. In this study, we
characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of B.
thuringiensis. Parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa), but not
to non-cancer uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMC). Inclusions of the isolates lacked insect toxicity and hemolytic activity
against sheep erythrocytes. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests revealed that the proteins of the three isolates are immunologically
closely related to parasporin-1 (Cry31A), but dissimilar to the three other existing parasporin groups. Our results provide
evidence that the parasporin-1-producing organism is a common member in B. thuringiensis populations occurring in natural environments of Japan. 相似文献
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33.
Land use and land cover change (LUCC) models frequently employ different accessibility measures as a proxy for human influence on land change processes. Here, we simulate deforestation in Peruvian Amazonia and evaluate different accessibility measures as LUCC model inputs. We demonstrate how the selection, and different combinations, of accessibility measures impact simulation results. Out of the individual measures, time distance to market center catches the essential aspects of accessibility in our study area. The most accurate simulation is achieved when time distance to market center is used in association with distance to transport network and additional landscape variables. Although traditional Euclidean measures result in clearly lower simulation accuracy when used separately, the combination of two complementary Euclidean measures enhances simulation accuracy significantly. Our results highlight the need for site and context sensitive selection of accessibility variables. More sophisticated accessibility measures can potentially improve LUCC models’ spatial accuracy, which often remains low. 相似文献
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36.
Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic (As) compounds in freshwater Tilapia mossambica was investigated. The direct accumulation of As by T mossambica was proportional to the concentration of arsenicals in water. Small amounts of accumulated As were transformed to methylated As, including trimethylarsenic (TMA) species. Accumulation and transformation of As(III) by T. mossambica via freshwater food chain results in the transformation of As(III) to As(V) with little biomethylation of accumulated As. Approximately 90% of accumulated As was depurated to water. 相似文献
37.
The adsorption of Sb(V) ions from aqueous solutions onto commercially available activated alumina (AA) was investigated. AA has a much higher adsorption capacity than presently used adsorbents. Sb(V) ions are likely adsorbed through electrostatic attraction and/or specific adsorption mechanism, while the optimum pH is found in the range of 2.8–4.3. The Sb(V) ions adsorption capacities increase with increasing temperature. The addition of nitrate, acetate, arsenite, chloride, and silicate ions affected Sb(V) ions adsorption only slightly, while the coexisting ascorbate, arsenate, phosphate, sulfate, EDTA, tartrate, and citrate ions substantially depressed Sb(V) ions adsorption. 相似文献
38.
Wong Tuk-Yee Miho Nakatani Tomiyuki Maeda 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1991,19(1-3):27-33
It is well known that in the analysis of low temperature vaporized metal elements such as cadmium and lead, a high ashing temperature causes a loss of the target atoms at the ashing stage, while low ashing temperature causes incomplete decomposition of organic components in the sample. In order to solve these problems, the effect of oxygen addition on determination of cadmium and lead in blood and foods was studied. Oxygen was introduced into the atmosphere in the graphite furnace at the beginning of ashing stage for 20 seconds at 0.5 l/min. Relation between ashing temperature and sensitivity was examined, and the oxygen addition minimized signal depression by the sample matrix. It can be concluded that the addition of oxygen at the ashing stage not only reduces the background absorption, but also suppress the volatilization of target atoms at the ashing stage by the formation of their oxides. 相似文献
39.
Water resources and land use are closely linked with each other and with regional climate, assembling a very complex system. The understanding of the interconnecting relations involved in this system is an essential step for elaborating public policies that can effectively lead to the sustainable use of water resources. In this study, an integrated modelling framework was assembled in order to investigate potential impacts of agricultural expansion and climate changes on Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The framework comprised a land use change simulation model, a reference evapotranspiration model and synthetic precipitation datasets generated through a Monte Carlo simulation. In order to generate plausible climate change scenarios, outputs from General Climate Models were used as reference to perturbing the Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that throughout the next 20 years the low availability of arable lands in the hills will drive agricultural expansion to areas with higher IWR in the foothills. If current trends persist, agricultural areas will occupy roughly 60% of the study area by 2030. This expansion will increase by approximately 40% the annual water volume necessary for irrigation. Climate change may slightly decrease crops' IWR in April and November by 2030, while in May a small increase will likely be observed. The integrated assessment of these environmental changes allowed a clear identification of priority regions for land use allocation policies and water resources management. 相似文献
40.
Zhao B Maeda M Zhang J Zhu A Ozaki Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(2):90-97
Goal, Scope and Background Andisols are widespread in Japan and have some special properties such as high anion exchange capacity, low bulk density,
and high organic matter content, which might influence the accumulation or chemical fractionation of heavy metals. However,
few such data exist in Japanese andisols. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and chemical
fractions of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the soil profiles and subsequently to assess their potential environmental hazard.
Materials and Methods Soil samples were taken from a field experiment conducted on Japanese andisols, which had received either swine compost or
chemical fertilizers for 6 years. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were determined for all of the obtained extract solutions
by ICP-AES.
Results and Discussion Considerably higher total concentrations of Cu and Zn were observed in the top 20 cm layer of the compost-amended soil, relative
to the unfertilized soil, while chemical fertilizers had little effect. Application of the swine compost increased the concentrations
of Cu and Zn, but not Ni and Cr, in all fractions in the top 20 cm layer. The greatest increase in the organically bound fraction
(OM) Cu and dilute acid-exchangeable fraction (DAEXCH) Zn was observed. This suggests that Cu and Zn are potentially bioavailable
and mobile in the andisol profiles after 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost. On the other hand, distribution
of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr among various soil fractions was generally unaffected by chemical fertilizers.
Conclusions We observed that 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost led to an increase in total metals of Cu and Zn, as
well as their all-chemical fractions, in the top 20 cm soil layers. Potential hazard of heavy metals, especially of Cu and
Zn, as a result of the use of swine compost on andisols, must be taken into account.
Recommendations and Outlook The long-term effect of the accumulation of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn, in various plant tissues and soils, as
well as their potential risk to surface water via runoff and groundwater via leaching, needs to be carefully considered. Further
investigations in the long-term experiments are therefore necessary.
- Abbreviations. EXCH, exchangeable fraction of metals; DAEXCH, dilute acid-exchangeable fraction of metals; FeMnOX, iron and
manganese-oxide-bound fraction; OM, organically-bound fraction; RESD, residual fraction. COMPOST, SRNF, RANF, and CONTROL
stand for compost (from swine wastes), slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (coated urea), readily available nitrogen fertilizer
(including NH4-N, P, and K fertilizers), and no fertilizer application, respectively. 相似文献