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61.
Marrs RH Galtress K Tong C Cox ES Blackbird SJ Heyes TJ Pakeman RJ Le Duc MG 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(4):1034-1047
Conservation management in Europe is often geared towards restoring semi-natural ecosystems, where the objective is to reverse succession and re-establish early-successional communities, to comply with national and international conservation targets. At the same time, it is increasingly recognised that ecosystems provide services that contribute to other, possibly conflicting policy requirements. Few attempts have been made to define these conflicts. Here, we assess some potential conflicts using a Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorland invaded by bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) as a model system, where the current policy is to reverse this process and restore moorland. We examined impacts of bracken control treatments on services (stocks and losses of C and mineral nutrients), litter turnover and biodiversity within a designed experiment over 7 years. Bracken litter was >2000 g m(-2) in untreated plots, and treatments reduced this quantity, and its element content, to varying degrees. Cutting twice per year was the most successful treatment in reducing bracken litter and its element content, increasing litter turnover, and increasing both mass and diversity of non-bracken vegetation. Diversity was greatest where bracken litter had been reduced, but species composition was also influenced by light sheep grazing. There was a significant loss of some chemical elements from bracken that could not be accounted for in other pools, and hence potentially lost from the system. In absolute terms large amounts of C and N were lost, but when expressed as a percentage of the total amount in the system, Mg was potentially more important with losses of almost a third of the Mg in the surface soil-vegetation system. There is, therefore, a potential dilemma between controlling a mid-successional invasive species for conservation policy objectives, especially when that species has evolved to sequester nutrients, and the negative effect of increasing environmental costs in terms of carbon accounting required, the potential input of nutrients to aquatic systems, and long-term nutrient loss. There is, therefore, a need to balance conservation goals against potential damage to biogeochemical structure and function. 相似文献
62.
Stephen J. Leisz Kjeld Rasmussen Jørgen E. Olesen Tran Duc Vien Bo Elberling Lars Christiansen 《Regional Environmental Change》2007,7(4):187-208
The northern mountain region of Vietnam (NMR) is dominated by swidden/fallow farming systems. The fallow land of these systems is populated by small trees and bushes. Since the 1960s the government of Vietnam has tried to limit or stop swiddening and replace it with permanent upland agricultural fields, paddy, fruit trees and animal husbandry. Discussion in the policy debate and literature focuses on the impacts these changes have on local people’s livelihoods. There have been no attempts to evaluate the impact of these changes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper examines the realities of current farming system changes taking place at the hamlet level and other changes that could take place due to government land use policies and extension programs. The paper answers the following questions: How could farming system changes influence net GHGs? Which farming system changes in the NMR, the trajectories of changes that are currently observed or those that would be followed if farmers adhere strictly to government policies and programs, will have a greater affect on the GHG contributions from agriculture in the region? Could ‘clean development mechanism’ (CDM) projects make a difference in the profitability of the pathways mentioned? Results show: (1) if farming systems in the NMR continue along currently observed change trajectories there will be increases in GHG emissions; (2) if the NMR farming systems change according to government policies and programs there will be a net sequestration of carbon in regrowing vegetation during the initial 20 years; (3) over the longer term, in areas where systems change to fit government policies, increased GHG emissions from other changes in the farming systems (e.g. increased paddy and increased pig raising in sties) will overtake the amounts of carbon sequestered in vegetation; (4) CMD projects only make a difference if (a) maximum biomass potential of regrowing fallow can be reached; (b) a favourable baseline is chosen; (c) timing and length of the accounting period is correct; and (d) farmers do not take compensatory action in response to government policies. Given these conditions it does not appear that currently envisioned clean development mechanisms would be beneficial to farmers in the NMR. 相似文献
63.
Anh BT Kim DD Tua TV Kien NT Anh do T 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(2):257-262
This study was focused on determining Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) in 33 indigenous plants and 12 soil in-situ plant samples in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. The results showed that the soils of surveyed mining areas contained 181.2- 6754.3 mg kg(-1) As, 235.5-4337.2 mg kg(-1) Pb, 0.8- 419 mg kg(-1) Cd and 361.8-17565.1 mg kg(-1) Zn depending on the characteristics of each mining site. These values are much higher than those typical for normal soil. The heavy metal uptake into shoots and roots of 33 indigenous plant species was also determined. Two species of the plants investigated, Pteris vittata L. and Pityrogramma calomelanos L. were As hyperaccumulators, containing more than 0.1% heavy metals in their shoots. Eleusine indica L., Cynodon dactylon L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Equisetum ramosissimum (Vauch) accumulate very high Pb (0.15-0.65%) and Zn (0.22-1.56%) concentration in their roots. Additional experiments to clarify the potential of six these plants as good candidates for phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution soil are being carried out in our laboratory. 相似文献
64.
Le Trinh Hai Pham Hoang Hai Chu Lam Thai Jean Hugé Albert Ahenkan Le Xuan Quynh Vu Van Hieu Nguyen Le The Tung Luc Hens 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(6):541-550
Sustainable development is a widespread concept. Indicator selection and sustainability assessment are basic methods to analyse
the sustainable development process. This study aims to develop a software application to select indicators and to allocate
weightings to the indicators and the sub-indexes, so that they can be listed in a sustainability assessment. The Visual Basic
software is used to develop a software package based on Delphi, analytic hierarchy, normalization and combination processes.
Software for sustainability assessment was developed. Thirty-five indicators are selected as a first step of which eight health
indicators and eight environmental ones and their sub-indexes are given weightings. The indicators are normalized. Sub-indexes
are combined into a composite sustainable development index. The model is validated showing the ‘main features’ of the sustainability
situation on health and environmental aspects in the Quang Tri province during the period 2000–2005. The results support the
decision-making process of the competent authorities. 相似文献
65.
Van Tran Thuan Nguyen Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen Thuong Thi Pham Quynh Trang Vo Dai-Viet N. Nguyen Thanh-Danh Van Pham Thinh Nguyen Trinh Duy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(45):63448-63463
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The emergent occurrence of sulfonamide species involving sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) in aquatic systems can cause a wide range of... 相似文献
66.
Da Le Nhu Hoang Anh Quoc Hoang Thi Thu Ha Nguyen Thi Anh Huong Duong Thi Thuy Pham Thi Mai Huong Nguyen Tien Dat Hoang Van Chung Phung Thi Xuan Binh Le Huu Tuyen Tran Cao Son Dang Thu Hien Vu Ngoc Tu Nguyen Trong Nghia Le Thi Phuong Quynh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10622-10632
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance in surface water are issues of global concern, especially in developing countries. In this study, the... 相似文献
67.
Wu Xueying Sadiq Muhammad Chien Fengsheng Ngo Quang-Thanh Nguyen Anh-Tuan Trinh The-Truyen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(47):66736-66750
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The study estimates the long-run dynamics of a cleaner environment in promoting the gross domestic product of E7 and G7 countries. The recent study... 相似文献
68.
Fre´de´rique Barbier Fre´de´ric Plassard Ge´rard Duc Michelle Petit-Ramel 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3-4):177-186
In order to prevent contamination of subsoil and groundwater by leachates containing heavy metals, montmorillonite linings are used on landfill bottoms. It is therefore important to understand ion uptake by this clay. In this study we have performed percolation of lead(II) and cadmium(II) through columns filled firstly with a technical bentonite and then with a reference bentonite. Elution curves provide an evaluation of metals retention. After the percolation step, columns are cut and metal ions are extracted to evaluate influence of side effects and soil depth on metal uptake. Moreover retentions of lead(II) and cadmium(II) are compared. 相似文献
69.
Eric D. Crandall Rachel H. Toczydlowski Libby Liggins Ann E. Holmes Maryam Ghoojaei Michelle R. Gaither Briana E. Wham Andrea L. Pritt Cory Noble Tanner J. Anderson Randi L. Barton Justin T. Berg Sofia G. Beskid Alonso Delgado Emily Farrell Nan Himmelsbach Samantha R. Queeno Thienthanh Trinh Courtney Weyand Andrew Bentley John Deck Cynthia Riginos Gideon S. Bradburd Robert J. Toonen 《Conservation biology》2023,37(4):e14061
Genetic diversity within species represents a fundamental yet underappreciated level of biodiversity. Because genetic diversity can indicate species resilience to changing climate, its measurement is relevant to many national and global conservation policy targets. Many studies produce large amounts of genome-scale genetic diversity data for wild populations, but most (87%) do not include the associated spatial and temporal metadata necessary for them to be reused in monitoring programs or for acknowledging the sovereignty of nations or Indigenous peoples. We undertook a distributed datathon to quantify the availability of these missing metadata and to test the hypothesis that their availability decays with time. We also worked to remediate missing metadata by extracting them from associated published papers, online repositories, and direct communication with authors. Starting with 848 candidate genomic data sets (reduced representation and whole genome) from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, we determined that 561 contained mostly samples from wild populations. We successfully restored spatiotemporal metadata for 78% of these 561 data sets (n = 440 data sets with data on 45,105 individuals from 762 species in 17 phyla). Examining papers and online repositories was much more fruitful than contacting 351 authors, who replied to our email requests 45% of the time. Overall, 23% of our email queries to authors unearthed useful metadata. The probability of retrieving spatiotemporal metadata declined significantly as age of the data set increased. There was a 13.5% yearly decrease in metadata associated with published papers or online repositories and up to a 22% yearly decrease in metadata that were only available from authors. This rapid decay in metadata availability, mirrored in studies of other types of biological data, should motivate swift updates to data-sharing policies and researcher practices to ensure that the valuable context provided by metadata is not lost to conservation science forever. 相似文献
70.
Chieu Anh Kim Ta Paula A. Pebsworth Rui Liu Stephen Hillier Nia Gray John T. Arnason Sera L. Young 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(2):803-813
Geophagy, the deliberate consumption of earth materials, is common among humans and animals. However, its etiology and function(s) remain poorly understood. The major hypotheses about its adaptive functions are the supplementation of essential elements and the protection against temporary and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Because much less work has been done on the protection hypothesis, we investigated whether soil eaten by baboons protected their GI tract from plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) and described best laboratory practices for doing so. We tested a soil that baboons eat/preferred, a soil that baboons never eat/non-preferred, and two clay minerals, montmorillonite a 2:1 clay and kaolinite a 1:1 clay. These were processed using a technique that simulated physiological digestion. The phytochemical concentration of 10 compounds representative of three biosynthetic classes of compounds found in the baboon diet was then assessed with and without earth materials using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD). The preferred soil was white, contained 1% halite, 45% illite/mica, 14% kaolinite, and 0.8% sand; the non-preferred soil was pink, contained 1% goethite and 1% hematite but no halite, 40% illite/mica, 19% kaolinite, and 3% sand. Polar phenolics and alkaloids were generally adsorbed at levels 10× higher than less polar terpenes. In terms of PSM adsorption, the montmorillonite was more effective than the kaolinite, which was more effective than the non-preferred soil, which was more effective than the preferred soil. Our findings suggest that HPLC–DAD is best practice for the assessment of PSM adsorption of earth materials due to its reproducibility and accuracy. Further, soil selection was not based on adsorption of PSMs, but on other criteria such as color, mouth feel, and taste. However, the consumption of earth containing clay minerals could be an effective strategy for protecting the GI tract from PSMs. 相似文献