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111.
Biodiversity conservation and management of natural resources are the best options to restore and increase productivity of
degrading pastureland in dry areas. Hence, arthropod abundance, organic matter, respiration, and dehydrogenase activity were
measured in canopy zone soil of Prosopis cineraria (PC), Acacia nilotica (AN), Zizyphus nummularia (ZN), Capparis decidua (CD), and Acacia senegal (AS) associated with grasses with a view to establish interrelation for productivity enhancement of pastureland. Pure grass
bock outside tree canopy was control plot. Acari, Myriapoda, Coleoptera, Isoptera, Collembola, and other soil arthropods were
the major soil faunal groups. Integration of tree in pastureland enhanced population of soil arthropod by 9–65-fold in May
2001 and 8–13-fold in August/September as compared with control. The trends of changes in soil organic matter (SOM), soil
respiration (SR), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were similar to the changes in soil arthropod population, indicating the
role of soil fauna in facilitating biochemical processes and soil fertility. Two, eight, and nine times greater SOM, SR, and
DHA, respectively, in silvipastoral system than the values in control suggest the beneficial effects of trees on improvement
in biochemical processes and thus biodiversity in pastureland, as supported by negative values of relative tree effects (RTE).
Microbial activities were highest in the ZN system, which had highest abundance of soil arthropods. In the other systems,
CD and AS systems showed greater soil arthropod abundance and biological activities than with the PC and AN systems. Therefore,
Z. nummularia-, C. decidua-, and A. senegal-based silvipastoral systems and related soil fauna may be promoted for enhancement of biological activity and productivity
of pastureland in desert. The strategy may be adopted for developing a sustainable pedoecosystem in a region of the world
where agriculture is notoriously difficult. 相似文献
112.
Rai A Tripathi P Dwivedi S Dubey S Shri M Kumar S Tripathi PK Dave R Kumar A Singh R Adhikari B Bag M Tripathi RD Trivedi PK Chakrabarty D Tuli R 《Chemosphere》2011,82(7):986-995
World wide arsenic (As) contamination of rice has raised much concern as it is the staple crop for millions. Four most commonly cultivated rice cultivars, Triguna, IR-36, PNR-519 and IET-4786, of the West Bengal region were taken for a hydroponic study to examine the effect of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) on growth response, expression of genes and antioxidants vis-à-vis As accumulation. The rice genotypes responded differentially under AsV and AsIII stress in terms of gene expression and antioxidant defences. Some of the transporters were up-regulated in all rice cultivars at lower doses of As species, except IET-4786. Phytochelatin synthase, GST and γ-ECS showed considerable variation in their expression pattern in all genotypes, however in IET-4786 they were generally down-regulated in higher AsIII stress. Similarly, most of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) increased significantly in Triguna, IR-36 and PNR-519 and decreased in IET-4786. Our study suggests that Triguna, IR-36 and PNR-519 are tolerant rice cultivars accumulating higher arsenic; however IET-4786 is susceptible to As-stress and accumulates less arsenic than other cultivars. 相似文献
113.
Tripathi Shweta Choudhary Sonia Meena Alok Poluri Krishna Mohan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(4):2085-2128
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Global warming is induced partly by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, calling for sustainable methods to sequester carbon. Here we review carbon capture,... 相似文献
114.
Four crop plants Oryza sativa (rice), Solanum melongena (brinjal), Spinacea oleracea (spinach) and Raphanus sativus (radish) were grown to study the impact of secondary treated municipal waste water irrigation. These plants were grown in three plots each of 0.5 ha, and irrigated with secondary treated waste water from a sewage treatment plant. Sludge from the same sewage treatment plant was applied as manure. Cultivated plants were analyzed for accumulation of heavy metals and pesticides. Results revealed the accumulation of six heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) as well as two pesticides [1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane; DDT] and benzene hexa chloride (BHC). Order of the plants for the extent of bioaccumulation was S. oleracea > R. sativus > S. melongena > O. sativa. The study has shown the secondary treated waste water can be a source of contamination to the soil and plants. 相似文献
115.
The aim of the present work was to monitor the Hg pollution in water and sediments of G.B. Pant Sagar located in Singrauli Industrial Region, India and to suggest the efficient aquatic plants for its phytoremediation. The study assessed the comparative potential of a free floating water fern Azolla pinnata and submerged aquatic macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis to purify waters polluted by Hg. Six days laboratory experiments have been conducted to mark the percentage removal of Hg at initial concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg L(-1). The percentage removal of Hg was higher for A. pinnata (80-94%) than V. spiralis (70-84%). Likewise, the Hg accumulated in dry mass was much higher for A. pinnata and a high correlation (R(2) = 0.91 for A. pinnata and 0.99 for V. spiralis) was obtained between applied Hg doses and accumulated amounts in biomass. A concentration dependent decrease in chlorophyll a, protein, RNA, DNA and nutrients (NO(3-) and PO(4)(3-)) uptake was detected in A. pinnata and V. spiralis due to Hg toxicity. The decrease was more prominent in Azolla than Vallisneria. The results recommended the use of A. pinnata and V. spiralis to ameliorate the industrial effluents (thermal power, chlor-alkali and coal mine effluent) contaminated with Hg. 相似文献
116.
Garg SK Tripathi M Kumar S Singh SK Singh SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(9):5533-5544
The physicochemical analyses of pulp-paper mill effluent revealed that it was dark brown with 1761?±?2.3 color PtCo units having slightly alkaline pH, high biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values, and contained large quantities of organic and inorganic constituents, well above the prescribed standards. The bacterial growth, color reduction, and dechlorination were evident in all the four sets of experiments with different possible combinations of nutrient supplementation and Pseudomonas putida augmentation. A high degree of decolorization at 29.7% and 27.4% was observed by the effluent native microflora during 48 and 24 h, in unaugmented effluent supplemented with glucose + yeast extract and glucose + peptone, respectively. The extent of decolorization in glucose + yeast extract unaugmented effluent also corresponded with high degree of dechlorination (59.3%) during 60-h incubation (SET III). An appreciable level of growth, decolorization, and dechlorination was evident in nutrient unsupplemented P. putida augmented effluent as well as in the control natural effluent. However, a maximum level of growth response (OD 1.641-1.902) during 36-48 h, removal of color (39.72-48.2%) during 24-36 h, and chloride ions (80.1-83.5%) during 36 h was achieved in P. putida augmented effluent supplemented with glucose + yeast extract or peptone. Therefore, supplementation of effluent with glucose and yeast extract or peptone and concomitant augmentation with P. putida is required for efficient effluent decolorization and detoxification. 相似文献
117.
118.
V.N. Jha R.M. Tripathi N.K. Sethy S.K. Sahoo A.K. Shukla V.D. Puranik 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(9):717-722
A field study has been conducted to evaluate the 226Ra bioaccumulation among aquatic plants growing in the stream/river adjoining the uranium mining and ore-processing complex at Jaduguda, India. Two types of plant group have been investigated namely free floating algal species submerged into water and plants rooted in stream & riverbed. The highest 226Ra activity concentration (9850 Bq kg−1) was found in filamentous algae growing in the residual water of tailings pond. The concentration ratios of 226Ra in filamentous algae (activity concentration of 226Ra in plant Bq kg−1 fresh weight/activity concentration of 226Ra in water Bq l−1) widely varied i.e. from 1.1 × 103 to 8.6 × 104. Other aquatic plants were also showing wide variability in the 226Ra activity concentration. The ln-transformed filamentous algae 226Ra activity concentration was significantly correlated with that of ln-transformed water concentration (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). There was no correlation between the activity concentrations of 226Ra in stream/riverbed rooted plants and the substrate. For this group, correlation between 226Ra activity concentration and Mn, Fe, Cu concentration in plants were statistically significant. 相似文献
119.
Foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance of rice and white bean in response to SO2 and O3, singly and in combination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plants of rice (Oryza sativa) and white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to 524 microg m(-3) SO2, 392 microg m(-3) O3 and a mixture of both gases, i.e. 524 microg m(-3) SO2 and 392 microg m(-3) O3 to determine the visible foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance. Response of leaf diffusive resistance was measured on upper and lower surfaces of leaves, i.e. the two unifoliate leaves of bean and the first, second and third primary leaves of rice. The difference in the response may be due to sensitive guard cells causing stomatal closure in the presence of O3, whilst a low concentration of SO2 caused the stomata to open. Thus, SO2 alone is known to decrease, and O3 tends to increase leaf diffusive resistance. However, exposure to both gases increases or decreases the resistance, depending on the species response. 相似文献
120.