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891.
U. Saffiotti M.D. F. Cefis M.D. L. H. Kolb M.D. P. Shubik B.M. B. Ch. D. Phil. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):23-25
A method is described for the experimental induction of lung cancer. Syrian golden hamsters, receiving repeated intratracheal administrations of benzo[a]pyrene in particulate form carried by an inert dust, develop a high incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma. The conditions of exposure to the carcinogen, involving penetration and retention of carcinogen particles in lung tissues with the dust, are of prime imvortance in the determination of the results. Instillations of the same carcinogen in other media did not induce lung tumors. The relative importance of the identification of carcinogenic materials in air pollution and of the conditions of exposure in the origin of lung cancer is discussed. 相似文献
892.
Zacharia J. U. Malley Mohammed Taeb Tetsuo Matsumoto Hiroyuki Takeya 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(2):145-159
Natural resources are important assets for sustainability of rural livelihoods and economic development. The objectives of the study were to assess linkage of environmental change to emerging water scarcity, livelihoods insecurity and decline in wildlife biodiversity and hydropower generation in the Great Ruaha ecosystem, and to discuss policy lessons for sustainable development. Literature survey, participatory assessments, collection of records from stakeholders, participatory observations and a questionnaire survey were used. Participatory assessment found that increasing water scarcity is associated with degradation of land, vegetation cover and change in rainfall intensity and duration. Rainfall change is supported by 83% of respondents and rainfall trends analysis. About 42% of variation in cereal production is described by the rainfall amount variability. Analysis of trends for per capita cereals production from district records showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline over the years. Changes in water flows in the Great Ruaha River have been evident since 1993, and have affected wildlife diversity in the Ruaha National Park and power generation from the Kidatu hydroelectric plant downstream. Human livelihood activities, exclusiveness, weak coordination and collaboration between sectors and institutions in policy formulation and implementation have played a role. The pro-poor policy formulation through integrated planning, strong coordination and collaboration is recommended for sustainable development. 相似文献
893.
Kelleci Orhan Aydemir Deniz Altuntas Ertuğrul Kurt Rıfat Oztel Ahmet Yorur Hüseyin Istek Abdullah 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(7):3091-3106
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, mechanical, morphological, structural, and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and... 相似文献
894.
Şeker Mehmet Emin Erdoğan Ayşegül Korkmaz Seda Dicle Küplülü Özlem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):36161-36169
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, pollens were collected from 25 different locations of Northern Turkey to investigate pollution monitoring. Surface chemistry of pollen... 相似文献
895.
Bioaccumulation of As, Co, Cr and Mn by the benthic amphipod Hyalella azteca in Burlington City tap (Lake Ontario) water was measured in 4-week tests. Bioaccumulation increased with exposure concentration and demonstrated an excellent fit to a saturation model (r(2): 0.819, 0.838, 0.895 and 0.964 for As, Co, Cr and Mn, respectively). The proportion of total body Mn eliminated during a 24-h depuration period decreased as Mn body concentration increased, apparently due to a saturation of the elimination rate. The high maximum body concentration of 116,000 nmol g(-1) appears to result from the saturation of the Mn excretion which is slightly greater than the maximum Mn uptake rate. Elimination rates for As, Co and Cr were not dependent on body concentration. The four elements were not physiologically regulated in Hyalella. Their body concentrations should be good indicators of bioavailability and useful for environmental assessment. 相似文献
896.
Verreault J Villa RA Gabrielsen GW Skaare JU Letcher RJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,144(3):1053-1060
Eggs of seabirds have routinely been used as indicators of environmental pollution in the Arctic. However, the variability in organohalogen concentration and composition associated with the laying sequence, have not been defined. We examined a suite of PCBs, organochlorine (OC) pesticides and by-products, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and methylsulfonyl- (MeSO2) PCBs in complete 3-egg clutches of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), and plasma samples of the laying females collected from the Norwegian Arctic. SigmaPCB, SigmaOC and SigmaPBDE, but not SigmaMeSO2-PCB, concentrations in eggs were positively associated, with increasing magnitude and significance from the first through the last-laid egg, with concentrations in female plasma. However, the concentrations of these organohalogen classes fluctuated irrespective of the laying order in the clutch. In general, maternal transfer favored low K(ow) and/or less persistent compounds, whereas the recalcitrant and/or higher-halogenated compounds were less readily transferred, and consequently more selectively retained in the mother. 相似文献
897.
The Effects of Long-Term Grazing Exclosures on Range Plants in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over the last fifty years, almost half of the steppe rangeland in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey (CAR) has been converted
to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. This shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland
vegetation. A study was initiated in June 2003 using 6 multiscale Modified-Whittaker plots to determine differences in plant
composition between areas that have not been grazed in 27 years with neighboring grazed plant communities. A total of 113
plant species were identified in the study area with the ungrazed plots containing 32 plants more than the grazed plots. The
major species were Astragalus acicularis, Bromus tomentellus, Festuca valesiaca, Genista albida, Globularia orientalis, Poa bulbosa, and Thymus spyleus ssp rosulans. Grazing impacts on forbs were more pronounced than for grasses and shrubs. Based on Jaccard’s index, there was only a 37%
similarity of plant species between the two treatments. Our study led to four generalizations about the current grazing regime
and long-term exclosures in the steppe rangeland around the study area: (1) exclosures will increase species richness, (2)
heavy grazing may have removed some plant species, (3) complete protection from grazing for a prolonged period of time after
a long history of grazing disturbance may not lead to an increase in desirable plant species with a concomitant improvement
in range condition, and (4) research needs to be conducted to determine how these rangelands can be improved. 相似文献
898.
Rai HS Singh S Cheema PP Bansal TK Banerjee UC 《Journal of environmental management》2007,83(3):290-297
In the present study, decolorization of a simulated dye waste containing three different triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes--Magenta, Malachite Green and Crystal Violet, was investigated in a laboratory scale, two-stage anaerobic high-rate reactor. The effect of various parameters (influent dye concentration, hydraulic and co-substrate loading rates) on color and COD removal efficiency of the reactor has been studied. It has been shown that the influent dye concentration had little effect on overall COD and color removal efficiency. More than 99% color removal and 96% COD removal efficiency were maintained even at a dye concentration of 500 mg/l and a dye loading rate of 1000 mg/l day. However, a minimum level of glucose as supplementary carbon source is required to maintain the maximum color removal efficiency and it drops appreciably when no glucose is added to the influent. The study also showed that the acidogenic phase of the reaction plays an important role in decolorization of the TPM dyes. In addition, the two-stage anaerobic reactor was observed to have distinct advantages over the single-stage system, as the drop in color and COD removal efficiency of stage 1 are adequately compensated by stage 2 of the reactor especially under high dye loading rates accompanied by low co-substrate loading and under reduced HRTs. 相似文献
899.
Bealey WJ McDonald AG Nemitz E Donovan R Dragosits U Duffy TR Fowler D 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(1):44-58
Trees have been widely quoted as effective scavengers of both gaseous and particulate pollutants from the atmosphere. Recent work on the deposition of urban aerosols onto woodland allows the effect of tree planting strategies on airborne aerosol concentrations to be quantified and considered within the planning process. By identifying the potential planting locations in the local authority area, and applying them within a dispersion and deposition model, the potential magnitude of reduction in the ambient concentration of PM(10), achievable through urban tree planting, has been quantified for two UK cities. As part of the Environmental Information Systems for Planners (EISP), flow diagrams, based on planning decisions, have incorporated output from the model to make decisions on land use planning ranging from development plans and strategic planning, to development control. In this way, for any new developments that contribute to the local PM(10) level, the mitigation by planting trees can be assessed, and in some cases, reductions can be sufficient to meet air quality objectives for PM(10). 相似文献