阶梯形鱼道中的滚动流研究(英文)

最近 ,小型倾斜河流中的阶梯形鱼道建筑以它的简易与实用而变得日益重要。在这种鱼道中出现的滚动流将产生波涌 ,并继续向下传播 ,而且它的周期性滚动可能会严重危害鱼道。因此 ,我们着手研究了它的严重性以便设计者在设计鱼道时能考虑这些因素。由实验证实滚动流源于阶梯形鱼道的上游。滚动流在稳定流与半平滑流间转变 ,它在一定时间间隔内不断地从稳定流变成半平滑流 ,又从半平滑流变成稳定流。它的流量值随着阶梯形水道的几何形状变形而呈现上下限。流量值和时间间隔均随着水池长度的增加而增加。     

Thermodynamic analysis of low-GWP blends to replace R410A for residential building air conditioning applications

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Kyoto Protocol has stipulated array of national policies to combat the climate change. To tackle the global warming, governments embraced Paris...     

Production of valued materials from squid viscera by subcritical water hydrolysis

Subcritical water hydrolysis was carried out to produce valued materials from squid viscera, the waste product of fish processing industries. The reaction temperatures for hydrolysis of rawand deoiled squid viscera were maintained from 180 to 280 degrees C for5 min. The ratio of material to water forhydrolysis was 1:50. Most of the proteins from deoiled squid viscera were recovered at high temperature. The protein yield in raw squid viscera hydrolyzate decreased with the rise of temperature. The reducing sugar yield was higher at high temperature in subcritical water hydrolysis of both raw and deoiled squid viscera. The highest yield of amino acids in raw and deoiled squid viscera hydrolyzates were 233.25 +/- 3.25 and 533.78 +/- 4.13 mg g(-1) at 180 and 280 degrees C, respectively. Most amino acids attained highest yield at the reaction temperature range of 180-220 degrees C and 260-280 degrees C for raw and deoiled samples, respectively. The recovery of amino acids from deoiled squid viscera was about 1.5 times higher than that of raw squid viscera.     

Synthesis of Succinylated Starches and Their Application as Adsorbents for the Removal of Phenol

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Succinylated starches (SS) were prepared by the reaction of normal starch (NS) and porous starch (PS) with succinic anhydride (SA) in the presence of DMF...     

Development of a catalytic dehalogenation (Cl,Br) process for municipal waste plastic-derived oil

Dehalogenation is a key technology in the feedstock recycling of mixed halogenated waste plastics. In this study, two different methods were used to clarify the effectiveness of our proposed catalytic dehalogenation process using various carbon composites of iron oxides and calcium carbonate as the catalyst/sorbent. The first approach (a two-step process) was to develop a process for the thermal degradation of mixed halogenated waste plastics, and also develop dehalogenation catalysts for the catalytic dehydrochlorination of organic chlorine compounds from mixed plastic-derived oil containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using a fixed-bed flow-type reactor. The second approach (a single-step process) was the simultaneous degradation and dehalogenation of chlorinated (PVC) and brominated (plastic containing brominated flame retardant, HIPS–Br) mixed plastics into halogen-free liquid products. We report on a catalytic dehalogenation process for the chlorinated and brominated organic compounds formed by the pyrolysis of PVC and brominated flame retardant (HIPS–Br) mixed waste plastics [(polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS)], and also other plastics. During dehydrohalogenation, the iron- and calcium-based catalysts were transformed into their corresponding halides, which are also very active in the dehydrohalogenation of organic halogenated compounds. The halogen-free plastic-derived oil (PDO) can be used as a fuel oil or feedstock in refineries.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰制备高温脱硫剂及其性能评价

利用不同地方的垃圾焚烧飞灰来制备高温炉内的脱硫剂,并利用热天平来研究飞灰脱硫剂(FA-脱硫剂)的固硫性能.实验结果表明,FA-脱硫剂的孔隙分布在2000nm左右,并且比生石灰具有更好的固硫能力.添加石膏后的FA-脱硫剂,其机械强度大大提高,但孔径结构变小,脱硫率也有所下降.添加10%(质量分数)水玻璃的FA-脱硫剂的机械强度相当于生石灰,脱硫效果更明显,比没有添加水玻璃时效果更好,孔径结构基本不变.这是由于水玻璃中的钠跟二氧化硫反应生成钠硫酸盐.     

Prospect of castor oil biodiesel in Bangladesh: Process development and optimization study

In this study, castor oil (CO) has been investigated as a potential source for biodiesel production in Bangladesh. Castor oil has been extracted from the seeds by mechanical press and the Soxhlet extraction method. Maximum oil content of 55.7% has been found by the Soxhlet extraction method. The physicochemical properties such as free fatty acid (FFA) content, kinematic viscosity, saponification value, and density of the oil have been measured by different standard methods. The FFA content and viscosity have been found considerably higher such as 33.5% and 253 mm²/s, respectively. Biodiesel has been prepared using a three-step method comprising of saponification of oil followed by acidification of the soap and esterification of FFA. The overall yield of FFA from CO is found to be around 89.2%. The final step is esterification that produces fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and a maximum 97.4% conversion of FFA to biodiesel has been observed. The effect of the oil to methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and time has been investigated for esterification reaction and optimized using the response surface methodology. ¹H NMR of crude castor oil and castor oil methyl ester (COME) was studied and analyzed that confirms the complete conversion of castor oil to biodiesel. Finally, the biodiesel, produced under optimum conditions, was characterized using the various standard method and found comparable with petro-diesel and biodiesel standard.     

Sustainable pesticide governance in Bangladesh: socio-economic and legal status interlinking environment,occupational health and food safety

Pesticides, regardless of their known toxic impacts to human health and environment, are widely used in the rapid growing agricultural sectors of developing countries. As an agricultural country with small lands and enormous population to feed, a developing country like Bangladesh rely heavily on the uses of pesticides to increase crop yields. Nevertheless, during the past decades, Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh has experienced 26.46% decrease in total pesticide consumption. However, the presence of unregistered pesticides in the environmental samples and agricultural products has pointed out the weakness in the existing legal regime of the pesticide governance. This, in turn, is threatening the livelihood and health of the farmers, food safety and consumer health. This paper reviews the antiquity of the status of pesticide consumption, evolution and drawbacks of pesticide in the context of existing socio-economic position of Bangladesh. A consolidated uniform system is lacking to project pesticide management in the country. Existing legal policy, rules and regulations in the context of international agreements regarding pesticide management have been reviewed and suggested for further amendment. Moreover, role of green microfinance in sustainable management of pesticides and food safety were recommended. A framework is proposed for pesticide governance with a stronger pesticide surveillance program and coordination of ministries interlinking environmental, occupational health and food safety.     

固定化蒽醌对偶氮染料生物降解促进作用研究

采用非水溶性蒽醌固定化技术对偶氮染料生物降解促进作用进行了研究,对比了海藻酸钙,聚乙烯醇-硼酸,聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙和琼脂4种固定化技术,探讨了溶解氧对脱色过程的影响和固定化蒽醌系统脱色广谱性.研究结果表明,固定化蒽醌可提高多种偶氮染料生物厌氧脱色速度1.5～2倍和降低偶氮染料脱色过程氧化还原电位-10～-15 mV;经4次循环使用后,其加速作用仍保持在90%以上;固定化蒽醌微生物系统具有很强抗氧冲击能力.