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101.
Environmental, biological, socio-cultural and economic variations in the Himalayas have led to the evolution of diverse and unique traditional agroecosystems, crop species, and livestock, which help the traditional mountain farming societies to sustain themselves. During the recent past, as a result of rapid changes in land use caused by socio-cultural and economic changes and various environmental perturbations, the agrobiodiversity of the Central Himalayan agroecosystems has changed steadily. A recent survey conducted in 150 different villages located along an elevated transect of the Alaknanda catchment of the Central Himalaya revealed that over a period of two decades (1970–74 and 1990–94) the cultivated area under many traditional crops had declined significantly. A micro-level study carried out in 30 villages revealed that a series of changes had occurred in land use practices over a period of 25–30 years.The loss of agrobiodiversity and the changing socio-cultural and economic dimensions and their impacts on the sustainability of Himalayan agroecosystems are emerging as major causes of concern at local/regional/national scale, and appropriate options to meet these challenges are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
102.
Ravichandra P Mugeraya G Rao AG Ramakrishna M Jetty A 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(4):819-823
In the present study two strains of Thiobacillus sp were isolated from aerobic sludge of distillery and dairy effluent treatment plant using standard methods of isolation and enrichment. Experiments were conducted using isolated cultures in batch bioreactor with initial sulfide concentration of 75 and 150 mg/l. The effect of initial sulfide concentration on the activity of isolated Thiobacillus sp was studied. Sulfide oxidizing capacity was also determined at different initial sulfide concentrations. The results from the study indicate the possible isolation of Thiobacillus cultures from native source and application in the full-scale reactor 相似文献
103.
Rao PS Ansari MF Gavane AG Pandit VI Nema P Devotta S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):323-328
Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for the emission of several pollutants into the
atmosphere. Benzene is among the most important air pollutants that are emitted by petroleum refineries, since they are involved
in almost every refinery process. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, which play a critical
role in atmospheric chemistry. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which are harmful to ecosystem, human health and atmosphere.
The variability of pollutants is an important factor in determining human exposure to these chemicals. The ambient air concentrations
of benzene were measured in several sites around the Digboi petroleum refinery, near the city of Gowahati in northeast India,
during winter and summer 2004. The seasonal and spatial variations of the ambient air concentrations of this benzene were
investigated and analyzed. An estimation of the contribution of the refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of benzene
was also performed. The ambient air mixing ratios of benzene in a large area outside the refinery was generally low, in ppbv
range, much lower than the ambient air quality standards. This article presents the temporal and spatial variation of air
pollution in and around petroleum refinery and showed that no health risk due to benzene is present in the areas adjacent
to the refinery. 相似文献
104.
Real time remote monitoring of air pollutants and their online transmission to the web using internet protocol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anjaneyulu Y Jayakumar I Bindu VH Rao PV Sagareswar G Ramani KV Rao TH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):371-381
Recent advances in both information and sensor technologies have enabled the development of Real Time Remote Monitoring (RTRM)
capabilities for environmental management. An online and real time remote monitoring system for air pollution has been designed
and installed at a traffic police station at Punjagutta in Hyderabad, India. The system is optimized using electrochemical
sensors and a real time particulate matter analyzer. The system also monitors meteorological parameters such as temperature,
humidity, rainfall, barometric pressure, wind speed and wind direction. The system periodically monitors both pollution and
meteorological parameters at pre- programmed intervals of hr during peak periods and 1 hr during non peak periods of the day and continuously uploads to a predestinated web site (www.appcb.org/home.htm)
using File Transfer Protocol. The web site renders a quick, simple and graphical display of air pollution levels and meteorological
parameters and their significance to humans. The present paper highlights design considerations of a pollution monitoring
system, system hardware and software requirements and practical limitations and future directions for real time remote monitoring
of air pollution. 相似文献
105.
细胞凋亡是调控机体发育和维护内环境稳定的重要机制。在克隆了稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)肝脏组织中凋亡相关的bcl-2、apaf-1、caspase-3和caspase-9基因的部分cDNA片段之后,进行了序列分析。结果表明,caspase-3和caspase-9基因片段与唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)相对应的核苷酸序列同源性最高,而bcl-2、apaf-1基因片段则分别与鮈鱼(Gobio gobio)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)相对应的核苷酸序列同源性最高,为99%和89%。基于稀有鮈鲫和已知物种的caspase-3基因核苷酸序列构建了系统发育树,发现稀有鮈鲫与唐鱼、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的亲缘关系最近,而与金头鲷(Sparus aurata)、红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的亲缘关系较远。本研究为深入理解外源性化学物质对鱼类的毒理学机制及其生态健康风险评价提供科学数据,同时也为稀有鮈鲫在鲤科鱼类的分类及进化地位的研究提供分子水平的重要参考。 相似文献
106.
107.
Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (YiO2 NPs) from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FI'-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 (AR-79) and Acid Red 80 (AR-80). Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial ceils showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR- 80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes. 相似文献
108.
109.
"二噁英"是指具有相似化学结构和生物特征的一族化合物,分别属于三大类别:多氯代二苯并二噁英(PC-DDs),多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯联苯(PCBs).PCDDs和PCDFs无商业目的性生产,而是在大量的人类活动中产生的.自然过程也可以产生PCDDs和PCDFs.在过去的十年里,环境立法机构和企业一起致力于减少二噁英的排放. 相似文献
110.
以聚醚砜为原料制备了一种具有多孔道的小球载体,负载睾丸酮丛毛单孢菌(bdq06)降解水中喹啉。制备的小球直径约3 mm,表面光滑,存在厚度约20μm的致密层。经过浸蚀去掉致密层后,露出粗糙表面,有助于细菌粘附和生殖。同时出现大量直径约1.5μm的孔道,且由外向内,孔径逐渐增大,细菌可以通过表层孔进入球内生殖。在pH为5、10和温度为40℃的条件下,负载菌的小球对水中喹啉的降解效果优于游离菌。小球具有良好的溶胀性和机械强度,经过多次重复使用后,球形完整而未破裂,细菌在球表面大量生殖形成生物膜,显著提高降解效率,能够在1 h内完全降解100 mg/L喹啉。以聚醚砜为原料制备的小球在废水处理中具有潜在应用前景。 相似文献