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排序方式: 共有169条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Prakash Acharya Steven G. DeCicco Rudy G. Novak 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1605-1627
The European Economic Community (EEC) has proposed strict limits on emissions of dioxins and furans from hazardous waste incinerators. The proposed limit is 0.1 ng/Nm3, expressed as the 2,3,7,8 TCDD toxic equivalent of 17 specific dioxin and furan congeners. These limits will potentially redefine technology selection and design for combustion, energy recovery, and air pollution control. The EPA has a different approach for controlling emissions of products of incomplete combustion (PICs) and reformation products such as dioxins and furans. Rather than limiting these contaminants individually and quantitatively, EPA proposes controlling them by assuring good combustion as measured by stack emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbons (THC). Dioxins and furans are combustion by-products and emission control relies mainly on control of the combustion process. These compounds can also be reformed from certain precursor compounds and elements in lower temperature regions of the system downstream of the combustion process. Air pollution control technologies have demonstrated the ability to remove dioxins and furans as contaminants on fine particulate. This paper will discuss the two regulatory approaches, the mechanisms for the formation and reformation of dioxins and furans, and the technologies available to control emissions. 相似文献
112.
Plants of Eichhornia crassipes grown at various levels of cadmium ranging from 0.1 to 100 μg ml−1 accumulated Cd in a concentration and duration dependent manner. At all levels, Cd accumulation by various plant tissues
followed the order roots shoot leaves. Approximately 80% of total Cd was accumulated by plant at highest concentration (100 μg
ml−1) used in the experiment. Cadmium induced phytotoxicity appears at 25.0 μg ml−1 resulting into reduced levels of chlorophyll, protein and in vivo nitrate reductase activity of the plant. However, a slight induction of these physiological variables was obtained at lowest
Cd (0.1 μg ml−1) concentration. In contrast, carotenoid content increased at highest Cd concentration i.e., 100 μg ml−1. Similar effects at low and high levels of Cd was obtained with respect to mitotic index and micronuclei in root meristem
of the plant. It could be inferred that Cd toxicity in plant is differential depending upon the low and high concentration
of Cd in the medium. 相似文献
113.
114.
Periakaruppan Prakash Abraham Rajan Mahendran Karthikeyan Ramanathan Murugappan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1063-1067
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The hydrazone moiety is a major function in medicinal chemistry because of its wide range of pharmacological applications. Actual synthetic procedures usually... 相似文献
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Aryal Jeetendra Prakash Sapkota Tek Bahadur Krupnik Timothy J. Rahut Dil Bahadur Jat Mangi Lal Stirling Clare M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51480-51496
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fertilizer, though one of the most essential inputs for increasing agricultural production, is a leading cause of nitrous oxide emissions from... 相似文献
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119.
Luc Int Panis Bas de Geus Grégory Vandenbulcke Hanny Willems Bart Degraeuwe Nico Bleux Vinit Mishra Isabelle Thomas Romain Meeusen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(19):2263-2270
Emerging evidence suggests that short episodes of high exposure to air pollution occur while commuting. These events can result in potentially adverse health effects. We present a quantification of the exposure of car passengers and cyclists to particulate matter (PM). We have simultaneously measured concentrations (PNC, PM2.5 and PM10) and ventilatory parameters (minute ventilation (VE), breathing frequency and tidal volume) in three Belgian locations (Brussels, Louvain-la-Neuve and Mol) for 55 persons (38 male and 17 female). Subjects were first driven by car and then cycled along identical routes in a pairwise design. Concentrations and lung deposition of PNC and PM mass were compared between biking trips and car trips.Mean bicycle/car ratios for PNC and PM are close to 1 and rarely significant. The size and magnitude of the differences in concentrations depend on the location which confirms similar inconsistencies reported in literature. On the other hand, the results from this study demonstrate that bicycle/car differences for inhaled quantities and lung deposited dose are large and consistent across locations. These differences are caused by increased VE in cyclists which significantly increases their exposure to traffic exhaust. The VE while riding a bicycle is 4.3 times higher compared to car passengers. This aspect has been ignored or severely underestimated in previous studies. Integrated health risk evaluations of transport modes or cycling policies should therefore use exposure estimates rather than concentrations. 相似文献
120.
A Review of Public Domain Water Quality Models for Simulating Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers and Streams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prakash R. Kannel Sushil R. Kanel Seockheon Lee Young-Soo Lee Thian Y. Gan 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(2):183-204
The review discusses six major public domain water quality models currently available for rivers and streams. These major
models, which differ greatly in terms of processes they represent, data inputs requirements, assumptions, modeling capability,
their strengths and weaknesses, could yield useful results if appropriately selected for the desired purposes. The public
domain models, which are most suitable for simulating dissolved oxygen along rivers and streams, chosen in this review are
simulation catchment (SIMCAT), temporal overall model for catchments (TOMCAT), QUAL2Kw, QUAL2EU, water quality analysis simulation
program (WASP7), and quality simulation along rivers (QUASAR). Each of these models is described based on a consistent set
of criteria-conceptualization, processes, input data, model capability, limitations, model strengths, and its application.
The results revealed that SIMCAT and TOMCAT are over-simplistic but useful to quickly assess impact of point sources. The
QUAL2Kw has provision for conversion of algal death to carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and thus more appropriate
than QUAL2EU, where macrophytes play an important interaction. The extensive requirement of data in WASP7 and QUASAR is difficult
to justify the time and costs required to set up these complex models. Thus, a single model could not serve all wide range
of functionalities required. The choice of a model depends upon availability of time, financial cost and a specific application.
This review may help to choose appropriate model for a particular water quality problem. 相似文献