Effectiveness of protected areas for vertebrates based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity

Establishing protected areas is the primary goal and tool for preventing irreversible biodiversity loss. However, the effectiveness of protected areas that target specific species has been questioned for some time because targeting key species for conservation may impair the integral regional pool of species diversity and phylogenetic and functional diversity are seldom considered. We assessed the efficacy of protected areas in China for the conservation of phylogenetic diversity based on the ranges and phylogenies of 2279 terrestrial vertebrates. Phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity were strongly and positively correlated, and only 12.1–43.8% of priority conservation areas are currently protected. However, the patterns and coverage of phylogenetic diversity were affected when weighted by species richness. These results indicated that in China, protected areas targeting high species richness protected phylogenetic diversity well overall but failed to do so in some regions with more unique or threatened communities (e.g., coastal areas of eastern China, where severely threatened avian communities were less protected). Our results suggest that the current distribution of protected areas could be improved, although most protected areas protect both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity.     

Interaction of cyanate uptake by rice seedlings with nitrate assimilation: gene expression analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyanate (CNO?) has been produced in the environment through either natural or anthropogenic sources. However, due to industrialization, it has...     

废水中聚丙烯酰胺在H-Beta分子筛上的吸附特性

将H-Beta用于处理含聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的驱油废水,研究了PAM在H-Beta上的吸附动力学和热力学特征,并考察了吸附条件对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型;在低PAM初始浓度(100 mg·L-1)时,吸附表观活化能40 k J·mol-1,说明H-Beta对PAM的吸附以化学吸附为主;在高PAM初始浓度(200和500 mg·L-1)时,吸附活化能降低,吸附向物理吸附转变.吸附等温线在低平衡浓度区符合Langmuir模型,25、40和50℃时的单层饱和吸附量分别达到70.2、76.9和90.9 mg·g-1;在高平衡浓度区符合Freundlich模型,表现为多层吸附.吸附主要来自氢键作用,为自发的吸热过程.p H为2~4,吸附剂用量为5 g·L-1时,具有更优的吸附效果.真实废水中油和盐类的存在对PAM在H-Beta上的吸附未产生不利影响.     

絮凝动力学的现状与研究方法进展

在絮凝动力学的发展中先后提出了Smoluchowski理论、Camp-Stein理论和微涡旋理论,但迄今尚存在若干不足,特别是还不能全面揭示湍流絮凝的致因,也未能得到符合实际的湍流絮凝速度方程,严重影响了水处理絮凝工艺与设备的设计及放大.近年来,粒子图像速度场仪(PIV)和计算流体力学(CFD)的发展为深入研究絮凝动力学提供了新的手段和方法,有望使湍流絮凝动力学得到进一步发展.     

土水特征曲线差异及其对试样力学性质的影响研究

相同条件下制备的重塑试样可能获得不同的土水特征曲线,导致试样的平衡饱和度存在差异,进而对非饱和土试样的力学性质产生影响。基于压力板仪对4个环刀试样的土水特征曲线进行量测,进而通过直剪试验对其力学性质进行研究。结果表明:土水特征曲线存在差异,而环刀的侧壁防护作用对土水特征曲线有重要影响;相同基质吸力下,饱和度对试样的力学性质影响明显,饱和度较小的试样具有较大的峰值强度,而饱和度相近的试样则表现出几乎一致的力学性质;撕裂带的产生对法向位移有着加成作用,但未对试样力学性质造成明显影响,而破坏面的凹凸情况将影响试样的峰值强度;受到试样与陶土板间连通性的影响,饱和度的差异可能随基质吸力的增大而反复出现。     

浮床栽培蕹菜根际脱氮微生物研究

浮床栽培植物是一种利用植物根系的吸收和根际微生物作用来改善水质的生物修复技术.本研究以温棚内浮床栽培蕹菜试验为基础,采用PFU法定期监测脱氮细菌变化情况,并与水中总氮含量进行对比,分析在浮床栽培植物情况下脱氮细菌的特征及其与水中总氮含量变化的关系,结果表明:1)栽培蕹菜有利于脱氮细菌的稳定生长;2)脱氮细菌的生长与总氮的去除有良好的相关性.研究为浮床栽培植物净化水质提供了理论依据,对该技术的推广应用有一定的理论和现实意义.表5,参10.     

2013年北川聚落空间的地质灾害灾情分析

北川羌族自治县是2008年汶川8.0级地震的极重灾区之一。2013年7月8-12日,北川县境内普降暴雨,引起地质灾害事件大面积爆发。洪灾之后的灾情普查数据表明,县域内共有1 318个居民点受到各类地质灾害的威胁,这些地质灾害点的类型多样、分布广泛并且所造成的危害严重。根据灾情普查数据,按乡镇单元提取了各自的灾害点数量、受威胁面积、受威胁户数、受威胁人数、受威胁财产以及防治费用等6个指标,采用主成分分析方法来进行地质灾害灾情的综合评价,根据各乡镇的综合得分对乡镇的灾情进行了排序。这个评价结果较好地反映了各乡镇之间的灾情差异,也为上一级政府进行诸如制定乡镇社会经济发展指标、决定防灾减灾资金及技术力量的投向等行政决策提供了直接依据。     

磁性固相萃取在环境分析中的应用

样品前处理直接影响污染物分析的准确性并很大程度上决定了目标物质的检测限。磁性固相萃取作为一种新兴的样品前处理技术,具有操作简单、消耗时间短、成本低等优点,克服了传统柱式固相萃取的缺陷,广泛应用于环境、化学、生物、药物分析等领域。文章介绍了磁性固相萃取技术及其流程,概述了各种磁性材料在痕量污染物富集分离过程中的应用现状,分析比较了不同表面修饰物质的磁性粒子的优缺点,并展望了磁性固相萃取未来的研究方向。     

Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by a Fe3O4 incorporated PAN electrospun nanofiber mat

Pollution of antibiotics, a type of emerging contaminant, has become an issue of concern, due to their overuse in human and veterinary application, persistence in environment and great potential risk to human and animal health even at trace level. In this work, a novel adsorbent, Fe₃O₄ incorporated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mat (Fe-NFM), was successfully fabricated via electrospinning and solvothermal method, targeting to remove tetracycline (TC), a typical class of antibiotics, from aqueous solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology and crystal structure of the Fe-NFM, and demonstrated that Fe-NFM was composed of continuous, randomly distributed uniform nanofibers with surface coating of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal efficiency of TC by the Fe-NFM. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted better with the experimental data. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at initial solution pH 4 while relative high adsorption performance was obtained from initial solution pH 4 to 10. The adsorption of TC on Fe-NFM was a combination effect of both electrostatic interaction and complexation between TC and Fe-NFM. Freundlich isotherm model could better describe the adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was 315.31 mg/g. Compared to conventional nanoparticle adsorbents which have difficulties in downstream separation, the novel nanofiber mat can be simply installed as a modular compartment and easily separated from the aqueous medium, promising its huge potential in drinking and wastewater treatment for micro-pollutant removal.