山东主要港口入境船舶压载水中细菌组成的等级聚类分析

对山东主要港口入境船舶压载水的细菌种类进行调查,获得了压载水样中致病菌的主要种类。采用等级聚类分析(hierarchical clustering analysis)方法将74个压载水样进行聚类,结果分别取0.7、0.81、1.12和1.15作为相异系数界值,当相异系数取0.70时,74个样本各自成为一类,因此最终分别取0.81、1.12、1.15为相异数界值划分类群。该方法直观表现了各样本之间的相似性程度。聚类树状图表明,压载水呈现依据装载地不同的地域性分布。     

2种早春植物物候与小气候关系研究

早春植物是植物群落中能高效利用环境资源的独特类群,文章取了3个不同小气候的样方,通过对样方内的2种早春植物物候期的观察记录,分析不同小气候下的温度、湿度、照度对早春植物物候的影响。主成分分析表明．在早春植物的不同生长阶段以不同的气候因子为主要的环境因子,在发芽阶段,湿度为主要影响早春植物发芽早晚的环境因子;植物的展叶、开花和结果阶段,光照和温度为主要影响早春植物的展叶,开花和结果早晚的环境因子。     

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.     

中国1990~2004年生态足迹动态变化效应的分解分析

通过构建生态足迹分解模型,论文将中国1990~2004年生态足迹的动态变化分解为经济规模、产业结构和足迹强度这3种因素的变化效应,并对各分解效应进行了测度与分析。结果表明:生态足迹年度间变化均值为1.065 5×10⁸hm²。其中,由经济规模、产业结构和足迹强度所引起的足迹变化分别为2.108 2×10⁸hm²,-0.439 8×10⁸hm²和-0.602 9×10⁸hm²。总的看,经济规模的变化助长了总足迹的增长,而足迹强度和产业结构的变化对总足迹的扩张起到了一定的遏制作用。生态足迹变化是由各因素共同作用的结果,而在不同时期各因素对足迹变化所发挥的效应不同。该研究结果对于理解我国生态足迹变化与经济发展之间的关系,以及产业发展政策调整及可持续发展研究具有一定参考价值。     

Regeneration of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used for carbon dioxide absorption

To improve the efficiency of the carbon dioxide cycling process and to reduce the regeneration energy consumption, a sterically hindered amine of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propranol (AMP) was investigated to determine its regeneration behavior as a CO_2 absorbent. The CO_2 absorption and amine regeneration characteristics were experimentally examined under various operating conditions. The regeneration efficiency increased from 86.2% to 98.3% during the temperature range of 358 to 403 K. The most suitable regeneration temperature for AMP was 383 K, in this experiment condition, and the regeneration efficiency of absorption/regeneration runs descended from 98.3% to 94.0%. A number of heat-stable salts (HSS) could cause a reduction in CO_2 absorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. The results indicated that aqueous AMP was easier to regenerate with less loss of absorption capacity than other amines, such as, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).     

沉水植物对受污染水体的修复机理及应用前景研究

随着工农业的发展和人口的增加,水体污染已经成为全球的环境问题,沉水植物修复是治理水体污染的主要措施之一。在总结了沉水植物对受污染水体的修复机理及其应用的基础上,对利用沉水植物净化污染水体的前景进行了展望。     

建国以来我国环境立法价值理念评价

我国环境法制呈现"环境立法"的成功而控制环境问题失败的尴尬局面。文章通过建国以来我国环境法立法价值理念的评价,认为而导致这种尴尬局面的根本原因在于我国现行环境法价值理念与环境保护要求的价值理念之间存在根本冲突。     

外生菌根真菌Xerocomus chrysenteron对DDT胁迫的耐受性及酶响应研究

在纯培养条件下,研究了外生菌根真菌红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)对不同浓度DDT的生长效应、耐受性和氧化酶活性,测定了在DDT浓度为80.0mg·L-1液体培养条件下菌种生物量积累和漆酶活性随培养时间的变化.结果表明,不同浓度DDT处理并不会改变被试菌种的生长模式,所有处理组均为典型的Logistic增长;Xerocomus chrysenteron对DDT胁迫有很好的耐受性,其半抑制浓度可达139.75 mg·L-1;在80.0 mg·L-1液体培养条件下,Xerocomus chrysenteron生长正常,且36 d后培养液中DDT残留率仅为初始添加量的3.5%;在高浓度DDT胁迫下,被试菌种的漆酶和过氧化物酶活性显著增强,但液体培养条件下漆酶从第16 d开始出现,36 d后培养液中漆酶活性和比活力分别达到107.24 U·L-1和61.77 U·g-1外生菌根真菌Xerocomus chrysenteron通过不同方式来响应DDT胁迫,显示出生物降解甚至矿化DDT的巨大潜力.     

重金属抗性菌Bacillus cereus HQ-1对银离子的生物吸附-微沉淀成晶作用

发现1株对银离子有强吸附能力的蜡状芽孢杆菌HQ-1,研究了其对银离子的吸附特性及吸附机理.结果表明,菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g,吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型,相关系数高达0.999 9;吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,相关系数为0.99;考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现,菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附,温度对吸附影响较小;FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理,一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag 的络合作用,二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag 的微沉淀成晶作用.     

化学沉淀工艺去除高浓度氨氮反应机理及试验研究

某城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液氨氮平均浓度高迭2100mg/L。通过比较,采用工业级MgO和H3PO4为沉淀剂与渗滤液中的氨氮反应,生成磷酸铵镁（MAP）沉淀,探讨了其化学反应机理。通过正交试验方法,研究了不同操作条件对氨氮去除效率的影响。试验结果表明,在pH=8．25,n（Mg^2＋）：n（PO4^3-）：n（N）为1．35：1．20：1．00,反应与沉淀时间均为15min条件下,原水氨氮去除率〉96％,此法对渗滤液中COD也取得了18％的平均去除率,减轻了后续生化处理的压力。