ZnO-PMMA复合材料光催化去除水中低浓度氨氮

通过水热法制备纳米ZnO,采用热粘固法成功地将其负载于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球表面,并对ZnO-PMMA复合材料光催化去除水中低浓度氨氮的能力进行了考察.同时,探究了负载比例、初始氨氮浓度、催化剂浓度和pH对低浓度氨氮去除效率的影响.实验结果显示,PMMA改善了纳米ZnO的分散性和光催化能力,ZnO-PMMA能够有效地催化去除氨氮废水.在汞灯照射下,当pH=12、温度为30℃时,1 g·L~(-1)的催化剂(ZnO-PMMA)对50 mg·L~(-1)的氨氮废水去除率达到66%,且反应产物硝氮和亚硝氮含量较低,体现了该催化剂具有将氨氮转化为N2的良好的光催化降解能力.同时,纳米材料可以简单方便地回收,减轻了对环境的潜在影响,符合绿色化学的原则.     

An application of the theory of planned behaviour to study the influencing factors of participation in source separation of food waste

Tremendous increases in biodegradable (food waste) generation significantly impact the local authorities, who are responsible to manage, treat and dispose of this waste. The process of separation of food waste at its generation source is identified as effective means in reducing the amount food waste sent to landfill and can be reused as feedstock to downstream treatment processes namely composting or anaerobic digestion. However, these efforts will only succeed with positive attitudes and highly participations rate by the public towards the scheme. Thus, the social survey (using questionnaires) to analyse public’s view and influencing factors towards participation in source separation of food waste in households based on the theory of planned behaviour technique (TPB) was performed in June and July 2011 among selected staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. The survey demonstrates that the public has positive intention in participating provided the opportunities, facilities and knowledge on waste separation at source are adequately prepared by the respective local authorities. Furthermore, good moral values and situational factors such as storage convenience and collection times are also encouraged public’s involvement and consequently, the participations rate. The findings from this study may provide useful indicator to the waste management authorities in Malaysia in identifying mechanisms for future development and implementation of food waste source separation activities in household programmes and communication campaign which advocate the use of these programmes.     

中药生产中的综合利用途径

综合利用中药资源,开展中药生产中的废料综合利用工作,是保证中药资源永续利用的重要措施和手段。本文概述了中药生产中的综合利用及研究情况,探讨了中药生产中废料资源化技术的开发。     

四川中药资源的开发利用与发展方向

本文探讨了四川中药资源的开发利用和发展方向；（１）以资源化优势为依托，大力发展创泡中草药；（２）以地道药材为优势，建立稳定的药材基地（３）以综合利用为途径，提高资源利用的数量和质量；（４）以资源保护为前景，保证资源的永续利用。本文     

德国行业管理中工伤保险的作用及启示

介绍了德国同业公会在职业安全卫生工作和工伤保险中的作用，对我国职业安全卫生的行业管理提出了看法。     

高喷灌浆加固抛石填海软基

高压旋喷灌浆法是本世纪７０ 年代发展起来的地基处理新技术,在砂性土和粘性土等软弱地层加固工程中已得到广泛应用,但在含有碎石的淤泥质土及穿过它对其下淤泥的加固尚少见,笔者简要介绍了采用钻灌分开两大工序的新双管法及其成功完成加固任务的事例。     

Removal of uranium(VI) from contaminated sediments by surfactants

Uranium(VI) sorption onto a soil collected at the Melton Branch Watershed (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN) is strongly influenced by the pH of the soil solution and, to a lesser extent, by the presence of calcium, suggesting specific chemical interactions between U(VI) and the soil matrix. Batch experiments designed to evaluate factors controlling desorption indicate that two anionic surfactants, AOK and T77, at concentrations ranging from 60 to 200 mM, are most suitable for U(VI) removal from acidic soils such as the Oak Ridge sediment. These surfactants are very efficient solubilizing agents at low uranium concentrations: ca. 100% U(VI) removal for [U(VI)]o,sorbed = 10(-6) mol kg-1. At greater uranium concentrations (e.g., [U(VI)]o,sorbed = ca. 10(-5) mol kg-1), the desorption efficiency of the surfactant solutions increases with an increase in surfactant concentration and reaches a plateau of 75 to 80% of the U(VI) initially sorbed. The most probable mechanisms responsible for U(VI) desorption include cation exchange in the electric double layer surrounding the micelles and, to a lesser extent, dissolution of the soil matrix. Limitations associated with the surfactant treatment include loss of surfactants onto the soil (sorption) and greater affinity between U(VI) and the soil matrix at large soil to liquid ratios. Parallel experiments with H2SO4 and carbonate-bicarbonate (CB) solutions indicate that these more conventional methods suffer from strong matrix dissolution with the acid and reduced desorption efficiency with CB due to the buffering capacity of the acidic soil.     

Ethoxylated Soybean Polyols for Polyurethanes

Soybean polyols prepared by ring opening reactions of epoxidized soybean oil with hydrogen active compounds (water, alcohols, organic or inorganic acids, thiols, hydrogen etc.) have a low reactivity in the reaction with isocyanates because the hydroxyl groups are secondary. This paper presents a simple and convenient method to increase the reactivity of soybean polyols with secondary hydroxyl groups by ethoxylation reactions with the preservation of triglyceride ester bonds. The method uses mild reaction conditions: low alkoxylation temperature of 35–45 °C, low pressure of 0.1–0.2 MPa (15–30 p.s.i.) and a superacid as catalyst (HBF₄). The new soybean polyols have a higher reactivity toward isocyanates in polyurethane formation due to the high percentage of primary hydroxyl groups. The primary hydroxyl content was determined by the second order kinetics of polyol reaction with phenyl isocyanate.     

环境物探技术在岩溶勘察中的应用及其效果

将高密度电阻率法及工程地震映像法两种环境物探技术同时应用于实际的地质灾害(岩溶)勘察中,结果表明:对于岩溶这样的地质灾害,单一环境物探技术虽然能清楚反映其埋深、规模和发育情况,但各有缺陷。而多种环境物探技术的综合使用,相互补充,将能大大提高岩溶勘察的准确性,提高勘察效果和效率。     

增强环境影响评价公众参与有效性的研究

本文结合《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》的内容和要求，根据从事环境影响评价的工作经验，提出当前环评中公众参与存在的信息公开及听证主体不尽合理等问题，并加以分析。针对如何更好地做好公众参与工作，提出诸如扩大并完善公众可以参与评价的方式和媒体参与等一系列对策建议。