高职《测量技术》“教、学、做”一体化教学模式研究

以高职培养目标为培养依据,分析了目前高职院校《测量技术》课程教学中存在的突出问题。针对问题对《测量技术》课程进行教学改革,按照教学内容模块化、教学任务项目化、理论与实践教学环境一体化、考核方式一体化、师资配备团队化为特色展开实践教学,取得了良好效果。     

农村沼气的可持续发展探析

农村沼气在为农户提供大量优质能源的同时,在改善农村环境卫生条件和减少病原体的孳生及传播方面还具有显著作用。当前我国农村的沼气建设资金投入不足,建设标准比较低,后续管理不善,农民对沼气缺乏认知,在使用方面存在安全隐患。发展沼气生态农业必须从加大宣传力度和资金投入、扩展服务体系等方面入手,实现我国农村沼气的可持续发展。     

祁连山老虎沟冰芯草酸根和氟离子的记录及环境意义

2006年6月,在祁连山老虎沟12号冰川海拔5040 m的粒雪盆钻取的20.12 m冰芯,该冰芯定年至1960年.本文分析了冰芯样品中草酸根和氟离子含量,冰芯所记录的过去46年草酸根的平均含量为（18.52±2.4）ng.g-1,其含量变化与气温变化具有很好的一致性,表明气温可能是影响草酸根浓度变化的因素之一.20世纪...     

芜湖市三山区菜地土壤重金属污染特征分析

从芜湖市三山区蔬菜基地采集82个农田土壤样品,测试其中的As、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Co、Mn和Fe 8种金属总量和生物有效态含量,对蔬菜基地农田土壤含量特征及来源进行了分析.结果表明:蔬菜基地土壤中8种元素的含量均高于其土壤背景值,其中As(30.01 mg/kg)含量是其土壤背景值的2.83倍.与我国《土壤环境质...     

人工湿地组合生态工艺对规模化猪场养殖废水的净化效果研究

研究了表面流、水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地以及地下渗滤系统组合生态工艺对模拟和实际猪场养殖废水的净化效果。结果表明,在进水ρ（COD）=709.2 mg.L-1,ρ（TN）=597.1 mg.L-1,ρ（NH4＋-N）=560.4 mg.L-1和ρ（TP）=42.5 mg.L-1的质量浓度条件下组合生态系统对于COD、TN、NH4＋-N和TP的去除率分别可以达到87%、95%、97%和95%,其中COD的去除主要在第一级表面流人工湿地,NH4＋-N和TN去除主要是在水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地,水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地对溶解性磷酸盐去除效果明显,地下渗滤起到进一步稳定出水水质的作用。水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地的运行结果对比表明,后者对污染物的去除率均高于前者。     

Occurrence, finger printing and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Chenab River, Pakistan

Seventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in surface waters (including particulate phase) from the Chenab River, Pakistan and ranged from 289-994 and 437-1290 ng l(-1) in summer and winter (2007-09), respectively. Concentrations for different ring-number PAHs followed the trend: 3-rings > 2-rings > 4-rings > 5-rings > 6-rings. The possible sources of PAHs are identified by calculating the indicative ratios; appropriating petrogenic sources of PAHs in urban and sub-urban regions with pyrogenic sources in agricultural region. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis identified the origins of PAHs from industrial activities, coal and trash burning in agricultural areas and municipal waste disposal from surrounding urban and sub-urban areas via open drains into the riverine ecosystem. Water quality guidelines and toxic equivalent factors highlighted the potential risk of low molecular weight PAHs to the aquatic life of the Chenab River. The flux estimated for PAHs contaminants from the Chenab River to the Indus River was >50 tons/year.     

Microbial community characterization, activity analysis and purifying efficiency in a biofilter process

The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon(BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water.To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter,we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count(HPC),phospholipid,dehydrogenase,metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods.In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization,the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved.The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter.The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau.The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased,and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40.After an initial decrease,which was followed by an increase,the removal rate of NH4+-N and COD Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%,respectively,by day 40.The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days,and remained at 18%.At the steady operation state,the levels of HPC,phospholipid,dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40.The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4+-N,NO2--N,COD Mn,UV 254,biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent.Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water.     

深圳市PM2.5 化学组成与时空分布特征

于2008-12-30～2009-12-25,在深圳市宝安区、罗湖区和盐田区各设置一个采样点采集大气细粒子PM2.5,分析了PM2.5中主要的水溶性离子组分、有机碳和元素碳,同时结合气象条件,对深圳市PM2.5的化学组成及时空分布特征进行了研究.结果表明,深圳市PM2.5污染总体上呈现西高东低的空间分布特点,但是SO24-和NH4+的空间差异不大,说明深圳PM2.5污染具有明显的区域传输特征.OC/EC值自西向东逐渐升高,说明深圳西部地区受一次源排放影响更为显著.受亚热带海洋性季风气候的影响,深圳市PM2.5总体污染程度表现为秋冬高、夏春低的特点,各主要组分的质量浓度变化也均有类似的特征.与2004年深圳的类似观测结果比较发现,该地区脱硫措施显著降低了PM2.5中硫酸盐浓度,而机动车尾气对PM2.5的贡献变得更加重要.     

安太堡露天矿复垦地不同人工植被恢复下的土壤酶活性和肥力比较

人工重建植被是露天矿复垦地植被恢复,提高土壤质量的主要途径之一.选择适宜的人工植被对快速恢复土壤质量具有重要意义.本文主要研究了安太堡露天矿复垦地油松-刺槐-柠条混交林、沙棘-刺槐-柠条-沙枣混交林和苜蓿地的土壤养分含量及酶活性,综合评价了这3种不同植被类型对土壤肥力恢复效果.结果表明,随着植被恢复的进行,土壤养分含量均有增加,油松-刺槐-柠条混交林的土壤养分含量显著高于其它样地.从以养分含量和酶活性权重计算的土壤综合肥力指标值(IFI)可知,油松-刺槐-柠条混交林IFI值最高.综合来看,对土壤重建效果最好的为油松-刺槐-柠条混交林,其次是沙棘-刺槐-柠条-沙枣混交林,再次为苜蓿.     

硫酸盐/氨的厌氧生物转化试验研究

采用厌氧上流式生物膜反应器,通过控制不同的水力停留时间、进水n(NH+4-N)/n(SO2-4-S)和HCO-3浓度研究了无机营养条件下硫酸盐/氨的厌氧生物转化特性.结果表明,反应器中NH+4和SO2-4发生了同步去除,最大NH+4-N和SO2-4-S去除速率分别为47.6 mg·(L·d)-1和16.9 mg·(L·d)-1,稳定去除率最高分别超过了80%和43%;反应过程中有NO-3-N的明显生成,出水NO-3-N浓度最大时为77.6 mg·L-1,整个过程中,未检测到S2-的生成,有单质硫附着在生物污泥表面;由于控制条件的不同,会产生不同的n(NH+4-N)/n(SO2-4-S)转化比,表明NH+4和SO2-4的厌氧生物反应并不是简单地接续反应,反应器中存在更为复杂的反应过程和转化途径.