高应力作用下钙质砂压缩及颗粒破碎特性试验研究

钙质砂是我国南海岛礁建设的主要材料,因其特殊的生物成因和独特的颗粒结构,其工程力学特性与常见陆源砂有较大差异。通过自行设计的高强加载压力室在三轴固液耦合试验机下对钙质砂进行终止应力在2~100 MPa间的侧限压缩试验,研究了钙质砂在高应力水平下的压缩和颗粒破碎特性,并通过相同试验工况下的石英砂单向压缩试验来进行对比研究。试验结果表明:在高应力作用下,钙质砂比石英砂的压缩变形量大,钙质砂的压缩屈服应力在2 MPa左右,远小于石英砂。钙质砂和石英砂在高应力作用下均会产生明显颗粒破碎,但钙质砂在应力作用下先于石英砂产生颗粒破碎。通过对颗粒破碎进行量化分析发现,两种砂样的颗粒破碎程度均先随应力的增大而增大,随后出现趋于稳定的趋势。     

污染浓度对多级人工湿地-塘系统处理微污染河水中COD的影响

针对微污染水水质不稳定,COD_Mn波动较大的问题,本研究构建了3套中试规模的以"前置生态氧化塘、两级水平潜流湿地和表流湿地为核心、后置沉水植物塘"为工艺的多级人工湿地-塘组合系统（处理水量230 L·d^-1,分别命名为S1、S2和S3）.在3种进水浓度条件下（原水、稀释2倍和稀释1.3倍后的水体,分别作为S1、S2和S3系统的进水）,考察了3套湿地-塘系统各单元对实际微污染河水中COD_Mn的处理效果,并采用高通量测序等方法解析了S1系统湿地单元微生物群落分布特征.研究结果表明,3套系统的平均出水COD较进水有着非显著的升高,从升高的程度来看,S2>S3>S1.污染浓度相对最高、运行时间最长的S1系统对COD有着更好的净化效果.相较于S2系统,S3系统更高的进水浓度有利于COD去除.S1和S2系统的二级水平潜流湿地较其他单元有着较好的COD去除作用,平均去除率分别为18.60%和26.52%.S3系统的表流湿地较其他单元有着较好的COD去除作用,平均去除率为8.92%.微生物群落分析结果表明,S1系统的一级、二级水平潜流湿地中细菌丰度和多样性沿程提高,两个单元所富集的相同优势菌群包括α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲和拟杆菌纲,与COD降解有关的菌属分别包括unclassified_f__Burkholderiaceae、unclassified_c__Alphaproteobacteria、norank_f__Blastocatellaceae和norank_f__Saprospiraceae、红细菌属.表流湿地中细菌丰富度进一步升高,但生物多样性有所减少,其中蓝菌属和norank_c__Actinobacteria可能与表流湿地出水COD升高有关.本研究为大型河口湿地-塘复合生态系统处理微污染地表水时工作重心由浓度削减向污染物释放控制的转移提供了宝贵的工程经验.     

Online recognition of drainage type based on UV-vis spectra and derivative neural network algorithm

• UV-vis absorption analyzer was applied in drainage type online recognition. • The UV-vis spectrum of four drainage types were collected and evaluated. • A convolutional neural network with multiple derivative inputs was established. • Effects of different network structures and input contents were compared. Optimizing sewage collection is important for water pollution control and wastewater treatment plants quality and efficiency improvement. Currently, the urban drainage pipeline network is upgrading to improve its classification and collection ability. However, there is a lack of efficient online monitoring and identification technology. UV-visible absorption spectrum probe is considered as a potential monitoring method due to its small size, reagent-free and fast detection. Because the performance parameters of probe like optic resolution, dynamic interval and signal-to-noise ratio are weak and high turbidity of sewage raises the noise level, it is necessary to extract shape features from the turbidity disturbed drainage spectrum for classification purposes. In this study, drainage network samples were online collected and tested, and four types were labeled according to sample sites and environment situation. Derivative spectrum were adopted to amplify the shape features, while convolutional neural network algorithm was established to conduct nonlinear spectrum classification. Influence of input and network structure on classification accuracy was compared. Original spectrum, first-order derivative spectrum and a combination of both were set to be three different inputs. Artificial neural network with or without convolutional layer were set be two different network structures. The results revealed a convolutional neural network combined with inputs of first and zero-order derivatives was proposed to have the best classification effect on domestic sewage, mixed rainwater, rainwater and industrial sewage. The recognition rate of industrial wastewater was 100%, and the recognition rate of domestic sewage and rainwater mixing system were over 90%.     

河道型水库过饱和总溶解气体释放模型及应用研究

随着一系列梯级水电站的建成运行,因上游电站泄水引起下游河道型水库水体中总溶解气体(TDG)过饱和,导致库区鱼类患气泡病甚至死亡的风险增加。针对河道型水库过饱和TDG释放预测问题,建立河道型水库的纵向一维过饱和TDG释放预测模型,研究不同洪水条件下河道型水库在变水位运行条件下的水动力学和过饱和TDG释放特性,分析了过饱和TDG沿程释放和代表性断面的TDG过程,探讨了横断面滩地区域的水深变化和鱼类补偿水深的满足性。结果表明降低来流的TDG水平是减小其不利影响的重要手段,在来流TDG饱和度一定时,河道型水库适当以高水位运行能够为滩地区域鱼类提供足够的躲避水深。本文结果对梯级电站优化调度以减缓TDG影响的研究和方案实施提供了技术支撑,在梯级水电开发河流的水生态保护方面具有重要意义。     

蓝藻衰亡过程中上覆水溶解性有机物变化特征

为探究蓝藻水华衰亡过程中溶解性有机物（DOM）的迁移转化机制,本文对蓝藻衰亡过程进行室内模拟实验,基于紫外-可见光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱（EEMs）表征上覆水溶解性有机物的光谱特征,同时分析水质理化指标及溶解性有机碳（DOC）、溶解性无机碳（DIC）含量变化.结果表明,蓝藻衰亡初期阶段释放出大量有机质,溶解氧（DO）急剧降低,随着反应时间延长,DOC逐渐转变为DIC,改变了水体氧化还原环境和酸碱环境;UV-vis光谱显示蓝藻衰亡释放出大量芳香性很高、腐殖化程度高的DOM,并且DOM随反应时间被逐渐降解.通过三维荧光光谱平行因子分析（EEM-PARAFAC）,解析出3种荧光组分,分别为难降解的类腐殖质（C1）,藻类产生的类蛋白质色氨酸（C2）,以及与微生物活动有关的类腐殖质富里酸（C3）.蓝藻衰亡产生的类蛋白质大部分被微生物降解成类富里酸,异养型微生物促进了藻源性DOM的生成,同时也加快了对新生DOM的降解.蓝藻衰亡产生的DOM最终大部分转化为较难降解类腐殖质.对水质参数、UV-vis光谱和EEMs光谱参数进行相关性分析可知,ORP与DO呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,pH与DOC呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与DOC向DIC转变趋势相吻合;C1与Fn₃₅₅有显著正相关关系（P<0.05）,C2与DOC和Fn₂₈₀都有显著正相关关系（P<0.05）,C3与FI、BIX以及β∶α呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,这些光谱参数的变化趋势与DOM组分变化一致.综上所述,通过对蓝藻水华衰亡过程中上覆水DOM的水质特征和光谱特征的探究,为分析湖泊DOM的动态迁移转化和碳循环的变化提供技术支持.     

富氧条件下Ag、Co和Cu/Al2O3选择性催化还原NO的研究

研究了负载于氧化铝载体上的Ag、Co和Cu 3种金属催化剂在富氧条件下以丙烯为还原剂,选择性催化还原NO的活性,考察了这3种金属单独负载时其负载量与活性的关系,并尝试探讨了这几种金属活性组分之间的一些组合效应.研究表明,单组分催化剂以Ag的活性最佳,达近90%,Co其次,Cu最低.相应的最佳活性温度则是Cu最低,Ag最高.对于单组分Ag催化剂,相同负载量的分步浸渍与一步浸渍样品活性无明显差异.机械混合样品的活性不是单组分样品活性的简单加和.其中,以Ag-Co机械混合样品的活性最佳,最高活性高于80%.复合催化剂一步浸渍与分步浸渍样品的活性均有不同程度的下降,一步浸渍的几个样品的活性下降尤为明显,最高活性只有30%多.     

Combining Renewable Ethyl Cellulose and Acrylate to Fabricate Sustainable TPEs via Controlled Polymerization

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - A series of ethyl cellulose (EC) grafted copolymers were fabricated with methyl methacrylate (MMA), stearyl methacrylate (SMA) and EC grafted...     

Effects of melatonin on cadmium accumulation in the accumulator plant Perilla frutescens

To enhance the phytoremediation ability of the heavy metal accumulator Perilla frutescens, melatonin (MT) was applied at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200?μmol/L) to P. frutescens growing in cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil (10?mg/kg). The MT treatments increased the root and shoot biomasses of P. frutescens, with the maximum increase in the 150?μmol/L MT treatment (79.51% and 36.18% higher, respectively, than those of the control). The MT treatments also enhanced superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, and the soluble protein concentration of P. frutescens, and 100–200?μmol/L MT increased the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll concentrations in P. frutescens. The MT treatments increased the Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of P. frutescens in a dose-dependent manner. Different MT concentrations increased the Cd accumulation amounts of roots and shoots of P. frutescens, with the maxima accumulation amounts in the 150?μmol/L MT treatment (226.98% and 85.89% higher, respectively, than those of the control). These results show that MT can promote the growth and phytoremediation ability of P. frutescens growing in Cd-contaminated soil, and the optimum MT dose is 150?μmol/L.     

配电终端质量管控

随着经济发展,配电自动化建设规模逐步增大,配电终端是实现配电自动化的基础设备。针对配电终端在使用过程中暴露出遥测值精度低、通信异常、遥信不上送等问题,介绍了配电终端的测试方法,依据配电终端的结构及测试方法给出了配电终端质量的评估指标,并结合工作情况对宁夏配电网配电终端质量管控提出了相应建议。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理模拟酸性红B染料废水

采用Fenton试剂催化氧化处理用酸性红B配制的模拟偶氮染料废水,考察了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了酸性红B降解的动力学.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂催化氧化处理酸性红B废水的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2加入量49.0 mmol/L,Fe2+加入量2.0 mmol/L,反应温度25℃,初始废水pH 3～6.在此最佳工艺条件下反应5min时,酸性红B去除率为99.8％,COD去除率为62.3％;反应60 min后,酸性红B去除率为99.9％,COD去除率为80.0％.Fenton试剂催化氧化降解酸性红B的反应符合二级反应动力学规律.