突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统发展探讨

在介绍突发性环境污染事故的概念、类型与特性的基础上,综述了近年来国内外对这一领域的研究进展．并结合“5S”技术提出突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统的全程模拟。     

International experience of green development in Western China: an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions, and is a people-centered sustainable development approach. Western China demands green development, and international experience could provide necessary, unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals. This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation, in particular, OECD countries’ (mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations, expert meetings, as well as literature review. The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment, implementation and performance assessment, co-development between economic development and environmental protection, as well as green employment and poverty alleviation. The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.     

青海玉树7.1级地震震害特点分析及启示

根据2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震震害现场调查资料,对其震害特点进行了全面的分析总结,阐述了震区环境及其地质构造背景,对断层效应及场地效应等也进行了分析,并归纳总结了防震减灾的经验与启示。     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

便携式GC-MS在石油污染土壤应急监测中的应用

针对石油污染土壤中VOCs含量的应急监测,便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪适用于土壤中甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、三氯苯等13种苯系物的快速定量检测,通过对某废弃炼油厂土壤样品测定,该方法在快速定性的同时,定量测定5~20411μg/kg土壤样品具有很高的可靠性。     

重点污染行业实施环境管理体系绩效评价指标体系构建及应用

本文针对重点污染行业特点,从能资源消耗、综合利用、环境污染和社会反响四个方面构建了重点污染行业实施环境管理体系绩效评价指标体系,并以化工行业为研究对象,评估了14家企业体系实施前与实施后的绩效。结果表明,实施环境管理体系,有利于提高企业环境效益。     

块石空间定向性对土石混合体力学性质的影响

土石混合体作为一种土和石的特殊混合体,其宏观变形破坏及力学性质与块石的空间定向性密切相关。为了研究块石定向性对土石混合体变形破坏机理的影响,采用二维颗粒流软件中FISH语言编写算法生成不同角度的椭圆形块石,建立土石混合体二维颗粒流数值模型,分别进行了单块石和多块石条件下土石混合体双轴试验数值模拟,对其变形破坏机理进行了深入分析。结果表明:块石角度不同时,土体中裂纹萌生位置不同;随着块石短轴方向与最大主压力轴夹角增大,土石混合体黏聚力先减小后增加,内摩擦逐渐减小;在应力峰值前的应力平缓增长阶段,土体中裂纹迅速增长,在试样强度达到峰值后进入残余强度阶段,裂纹的增速也逐渐降低;块石角度不同时,土石混合体的剪切带破坏形式不同。     

六种表面活性剂对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应

为评价六种常见农药表面活性剂对水生生物的风险,采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,研究其对斑马鱼胚胎的致死效应和致畸效应.结果表明,NP-10、OP-10、农乳700、农乳602、农乳1602、宁乳33对斑马鱼胚胎的致死中浓度分别为16.44、21.13、55.86、8446、109.90、120.08 mg·L-1,其中NP-10对斑马鱼胚胎急性毒性最大,宁乳33毒性最低;随着染毒剂量的增加,斑马鱼胚胎孵化率逐渐降低,致畸率逐渐提高,六种表面活性剂显示出相似的趋势,处理浓度与胚胎孵化率(致畸率)之间存在剂量-效应关系;NP-10、OP-10、农乳700处理组均诱导斑马鱼胚胎出现躯干侧翻、游囊关闭、躯干弯曲症状;农乳602、农乳1602、宁乳33处理组出现躯干侧翻、游囊关闭症状.     

Carbon dioxide and methane emission from subsurface peatlands and its controlling factors北大核心CSCD

Peatland is an efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) sink on the continent and plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Climate change and human activities, two of the notable global environmental issues, have accelerated the degradation of peatlands during recent years. Global warming will increase the rate of aerobic decomposition in the surface of peatlands. Carbon stored in the subsurface of peatlands will be metabolized if the climatic conditions become favorable for decomposition. This study reviewed the carbon circle of subsurface peatland in natural environment and in environments disturbed by human activity or climate change. Furthermore, the major factors (environmental and human factors) that affect the carbon cycle were also discussed. According to a previous study, subsurface peatland will rapidly participate in the carbon cycle when the peatland is degraded. Water level, vegetation, and temperature were the main natural factors affecting the carbon cycle, whereas drainage, farming, and grazing were the main anthropogenic factors. Further studies should focus on different soil layer carbon dynamics, inorganic carbon content, and conservation and restoration of peatlands. The study methods should be a combination of macro with micro scale and focus on developing deep peat research techniques. Most of the previous studies focused on greenhouse gas emission and their response factors in short-term experiments. Thus, the mechanism and process of subsurface carbon are not clear and needs further study. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Asn57 N-glycosylation promotes the degradation of hemicellulose by β-1,3–1,4-glucanase from Rhizopus homothallicus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - N-glycosylation alters the properties of different enzymes in different ways. Rhizopus homothallicus was first described as an environmental isolate...