城市废物流自然循环消纳及实现途径探讨

通过对城市的人工物流循环过程与环境的自然物流循环过程关系的讨论，提出环境问题是产生于两者之间的矛盾，环境治理应致力于协调两者关系，并体现在自然物流循环过程的恢复，以此思路为基础评述了不同类型城市环境治理措施对城市环境质量改善的可持续化效益，并提出了几种典型的城市废物流的自然循环消纳的实现途径，及其对自然物流循环恢复的意义。     

洞庭湖湿地生态系统现状及整治管理措施

本文论述了洞庭湖湿地生态系统的结构特征及存在的问题,提出了洞庭湖湿地整治开发和管理对策。     

OH自由基引发的甲烷光化学氧化体系中有机过氧化物的研究

在１．０１３２５×１０＾５Ｐａ,２９８Ｋ,Ｏ２－Ｎ２气氛下,采用长光路付立叶红外光谱仪跟踪反应进程,高压液相色谱仪测定反应产物中有机过氧化物,研究了ＯＨ自由基基引发的甲烷光化学反应体系,证实反应产物中有Ｈ２Ｏ２、甲基过氧化氢（ＣＨ３Ｏ２Ｈ,ＭＨＰ）和过氧甲醚（ＣＨ３Ｏ２ＣＨ３）,并发现羟甲基过氧化氢（ＨＯＣＨ２ＯＯＨ,ＨＭＨＰ）和一未知有机过氧化物,ＨＭＨＰ的发现表明ＣＨ４氧化过程中可能存在过氧甲     

Experiences of Coal Ash Artificial Reefs in Taiwan

A feasibility study for using fly-ash from Taiwan coal-fired power stations for artificial reef production was started in 1983. Various mixtures of fly ash stabilized with lime, cement, or industrial wastes and formed into blocks were tested in the laboratory. the results showed that the development of compressive strength of those blocks immersed in the sea water was much better than those exposed in the air. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) content of the blocks has been monitored routinely to determine the leaching rates. the result indicates that solidification of fly-ash could indeed immobilize heavy metals better than the original fly ash. From March 1984 to February 1987, 3,682 coal ash stabilized blocks with total weight of 300 tons were designed, fabricated and installed at both Hsin-ta, south western coast, and Kuei-hou, northern coast of Taiwan, for field trials. After four years' underwater observations on 100 cubic blocks at Wan-Li, northern Taiwan, it was shown that the physical integrity of the ash reef blocks had been maintained. the compressive strength and durability was better than the concrete artificial reefs nearby. the ash reefs could also attract fishes and the colonization by benthic organisms was similar to that on concrete reefs. Eighty-eight species of fishes were observed, of which 27 were commercially important, comprising more than 80% of the total biomass. These results demonstrate a potential use for stabilized coal ash as artificial reefs to replace traditionally used concrete reefs to protect and enhance the coastal fishery resources in Taiwan in the future.     

航空铝型材一次折斜角成形试验方法的研究

型材一次折斜角成形是制造飞机承力结构零件的成形方法之一 ,通过试验的方法获得某种型材一次折斜角成形极限角度参数对飞机零件的生产有着重要的指导作用。简要地介绍了航空铝型材一次折斜角试验的 3种方法 ,并进行了分析和比较 ,为评价角型材开斜角或闭斜角成形时的工艺性能提供了有效的手段     

Certainties and uncertainties of land cover statistics in China

Vegetation or land cover maps have been made directly or indirectly available for the entire territory of China. The certainties and uncertainties d land cover statistics were analyzed by comparing three data sources: China‘ s Vegetation Map, IGPB DISCover, and University of Maryland Product. Great similarities in the statistics of 7 aggregated land cover types were found among the three data sources, particularly between the two global land cover maps. The per-pixel agreement between any 2 of 3 maps was between 38.0%--51.4% ; the per-pixel agreement among all three maps was only 27.1%. Certainties were found in regions where vegetation types are typical and human land use practice is relatively homogenous; the uncertainties occurred to either vegetation transition zones or regions where land cover types and land use practice are relatively diversified. Systematic and multidisciplinacy efforts are necessary to promote accurate mapping of nationwide land cover types in China. Intensive efforts should be made in regions where uncertainties of land cover information are found.     

滇西地区上地幔铅同位素组成的确定及其应用

滇西地区基性 超基性岩、碱性岩中的长石、石榴子石、橄榄石等单矿物及羊拉铜矿区二叠世海相玄武岩的铅同位素组成可以代表原始地幔的铅同位素组成 ,由此确定的该区上地幔铅同位素组成变化范围为　2 0 6Pb/2 0 4Pb =1 7.877～1 8.5 0 6,平均 1 8.1 0 8,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4Pb=1 5 .470～1 5 .5 87,平均 1 5 .479,2 0 8Pb/2 0 4Pb=3 7.797～ 3 8.5 67,平均 3 8.1 77。研究发现 ,由于受地壳物质的混染和成岩后U、Th衰变产生的放射成因铅的影响 ,这些幔源岩石全岩铅同位素组成已不能代表原始上地幔的铅同位素组成 ;金顶铅锌矿床的铅并非上地幔来源 ,而是相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

锦州湾水体中锌、铅、隔存在形式及分布规律的研究

本文研究了锦州湾海域水体中重金属锌、铅、镉各化学形态的含量及其各形态分布特征,其特征变化动态表明,该海域中重金属以可溶态为主要存在形式,其中以水合氧化物为重要清除载体.重金属除周边岩石风化物质的自然背景值外,主要来源于沿岸工厂排废.水体中重金属是在潮流水动力作用下,受各种理化因素的影响,产生迁移和转化.三种元素形态转化强度 Zn>Pb>Cd,它们污染程度为Cd>Zn>Pb.通过多元回归计算求得重金属与环境因素 pH 值(X_(PH))、Eh 值(X_(Eb))、氯度(X_(cl))、溶解氧(X_(DO))、化学耗氧量(X(COD))的多元一次方程.     

Traffic emission and its impact on air quality in Guangzhou area

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长江口海域悬浮颗粒物中钴、镍、铁、锰的化学形态及分布特征研究

研究了重金属Co、Ni、Fe、Mn在长江口及邻近海域悬浮颗粒中的含量、存在形态以及它们在河水与海水混合过程中迁移转化特征,其变化动态特征表明,Co、Ni、Fe以残渣态为主要存在形式;由于Fe-Mn氧化物的形成和吸附作用,使上述金属从水体经过悬浮颗粒转到沉积物中;以Fe-Mn氧化物和碳酸盐形态存在的重金属含量受水体环境的pH和盐度制约。用多元回归分析求得不同形态重金属含量与盐度、pH值和悬浮物含量的变化方程,以及与环境要素间的相互关系。