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751.
752.
预浓缩-GC-MS技术研究室内空气中挥发性有毒有机物 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
研究了广州市8种典型室内环境中62种挥发性有毒有机物(VOCs)的特征和分布,结果表明:(1)从低至高,家庭、歌舞厅、宾馆、餐厅、图书馆、办公室、大型商业城和停车库室内空气中总挥发性有毒有机物(TVOCs)平均浓度分别为:0.241,0.271,0.471,0.476,0.556,0.910,1.177和2.190mg·m-3;刑室外环境背景参照点白云山平均浓度为0.213mg·m-3,略低于家庭;(2)室内空气污染物具有明显的源特征,根据其VOCs标志化合物和它们的混合比例可以初步判断其来源. 相似文献
753.
The effects of different heavy metals (Cd, Pb), cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and the chemistry of the solution (pH and ionic strength) on the sorption of bisphenol A (BPA) to sediment were studied. Results showed that the presence of Cd and Pb caused a significant increase on the sorption of BPA to sediment and the sorption isotherms were in good agreement with Freundlich equation. The effect of surfactants on the adsorption of BPA onto sediment was found to strongly depend on the type of the surfactants. The presence of CTAB promoted BPA sorption and the amount of BPA adsorbed onto sediment increased linearly with concentration of CTAB. In contrast, the presence of anionic surfactant (SDBS) caused a slight reduction on the sorption of BPA. It was also found that the sorption behavior of BPA was affected by solution pH and ionic strength. The larger amount of BPA was absorbed with higher ionic strength and lower pH. This study may provide important insights into the understanding of the transport and fate of BPA in the environment. 相似文献
754.
Xu T Wang BM Sheng W Li QX Shao XL Li J 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(2):173-177
The present study outlines applications of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of clenbuterol residues. Antisera were raised from rabbits immunized with diazotized clenbuterol-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. The assay was specific to clenbuterol with a half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of 1.8 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL in blank swine urine and phosphate buffer solution, respectively. The assay had high cross-reactivity (86%) with mabuterol, but low with other adrenergic agonists and antagonists. The average recovery of clenbuterol, as measured with the ELISA, ranged from 90% to 112% in swine urine samples and from 86% to 95% in feeds, respectively. This new assay was compared with commercial ELISA test kits. An excellent correlation (r(2) = 0.98) between the two methods and satisfactory recoveries suggest that the new assay can be suitable for the determination of clenbuterol residues in real samples. The assay was used to analyze clenbuterol residues in 103 swine urine samples and 68 feed samples collected from northern China. Approximately 50% of the urine samples and 25% of the feed samples analyzed were found positive (concentration of clenbuterol > or = 1 ppb). The results indicate that clenbuterol was misused in some of the areas surveyed. 相似文献
755.
Kim JY Lee BT Shin KH Lee KY Kim KW An KG Park YS Kim JY Kwon YH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):79-85
Ecological health in a temperate stream impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) was evaluated by using a multimetric approach
of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) based on natural fish assemblage. Recently, this approach has been widely used
in many developed countries as a tool for ecological risk assessments of water environments. We used 10 metric systems, instead
of 12 metrics suggested by Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B. D., & Stribling, J. B. (1999). Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish, 2nd edn. EPA 841-B-99-002. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, for a development of the
regional IBI model, and used trophic guilds, habitat guilds, and richness variables for the calculation of IBI values. In
the model, the attributes of four of 11 metrics were modified for the regional application. IBI values in the stream averaged
20.6 (n = 5), indicating a “poor condition” in terms of ecological health according to the modified criteria of U.S. EPA (1993).
Fish Field and Laboratory Methods for Evaluating the Biological Integrity of Surface Waters. EPA 600-R-92-111. Environmental Monitoring systems Laboratory – Cincinnati office of Modeling, Monitoring systems, and quality
assurance Office of Research Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268. In particular, mean IBI values in the impacted
areas of sites 2 and 3 were 13, and this health condition was categorized as “very poor condition.” IBI values in the impacted
sites were significantly lower than the values found in the control. Also, we found that fishes in site sites 2 and 3 were
not present during the study, and morphological deformity of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus was observed in site 4, influenced directly by sites 2 and 3, indicating a chemical impact in the sites. From the results
of experiments in which AMD was treated with marine shells at stagnant condition, pH increased up to 6.0 from 3.1, and Fe
and Al were removed up to 99% within 6 h. In the reactor experiment considering field application, pH of effluent maintained
around 7.0. In addition, concentrations of Fe, Al, and heavy metals decreased remarkably in the effluents, and bottom-opened
screen between neutralizer basins showed high effectiveness in the treatment of AMD. 相似文献
756.
Preliminary study on the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic musks in a wastewater treatment plant in Guandong, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The occurrence and distributions of six polycyclic musks were studied in influent, primary and effluent waters from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Guangdong. Five polycyclic musk compounds, 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4H-inden-4-one (DPMI), 4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindan (ADBI), 6-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindan (AHMI), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) were found in wastewater in the WWTP. DPMI, HHCB and AHTN were measured at 0.38-0.69, 11.5-146, 0.89-3.47 microg/l, respectively, in influents. Meanwhile 0.06-0.10 microg/l DPMI, 0.95-2.05 microg/l HHCB, 0.10-0.14 microg/l AHTN were detected in effluents, ADBI and AHMI were also detected in some primary waters and effluents. The results suggested that wastewater from cosmetic plants cause high loadings of polycyclic musks to this WWTP. Under the currently applied treatment technology, the removal efficiencies achieved were 61-75% for DPMI, 86-97% for HHCB and 87-96% for AHTN by transfer to sludge as the main removal route. 相似文献
757.
Methane emissions from ricefields as affected by organic amendment, water regime, crop establishment, and rice cultivar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. Wang Y. Xu Z. Wang Z. Li Y. Guo K. Shao Z. Chen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,57(2):213-228
Methane fluxes from Beijing ricefields as affected by organic amendment, water regime, crop establishment method, and rice cultivar were measured with a closed chamber method in 1990, 1991, 1995, and 1996. Total fluxes from plots receiving high organic amendment always exceeded those from the low-input plots. Compared with continuous flooding, intermittent irrigation (there were a few days of no standing water between two irrigations) and constant moisture (the field had no standing water, but remained saturated) reduced methane emission rate by 25.4 and 58.4%, respectively. Methane flux from a dry-seeded rice field was 75.2% lower than from a transplanted ricefield although both dry-seeded rice plots and transplanted ricefields were initially flooded at the same time. Rice cultivars differed in methane emission rates by 9.0–55.7%. Emission rates were positively correlated with aboveground dry matter production and root weight, but not grain yield. Intermittent irrigation and rice cultivar seem to be the most promising methods for mitigating methane emission from ricefields; they do not affect rice yield and are easily implemented at the farm level. 相似文献
758.
Shao Shuai Hu Bifeng Tao Yunhan You Qihao Huang Mingxiang Zhou Lianqing Chen Qiuxiao Shi Zhou 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):579-602
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The source identification and apportionment of heavy metals (HMs) is a vital issue for restoring contaminated soil. In this study, qualitative approaches [a... 相似文献
759.
Zhang H Zhang DQ Jin TF He PJ Shao ZH Shao LM 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(10):2533-2538
Biostabilization can remove considerable amounts of moisture and degradable organic materials from municipal solid waste (MSW), and can therefore be an effective form of pretreatment prior to landfill. The environmental and economic impacts of two combined processes, active stage biostabilization + sanitary landfill (AL), and active and curing stage biostabilization + sanitary landfill (ACL), were compared with sanitary landfill (SL) for MSW with high moisture content. The results indicated that land requirement, leachate generation, and CH(4) emission in the ACL process decreased by 68.6%, 89.1%, and 87.6%, respectively, and the total cost was reduced by 24.1%, compared with SL. This implies that a combined biostabilization and landfill process can be an environmentally friendly and economically feasible alternative to landfill of raw MSW with high moisture content. Sensitivity analysis revealed that treatment capacity and construction costs of biostabilization and the oxidation factor of CH(4) significantly influenced the costs and benefits of the AL and ACL process at an extremely low land price. When the land price was greater than 100 USD m(-2), it became the dominating factor in determining the cost of treatment and disposal, and the total costs of ACL were reduced to less than 40% of those of SL. 相似文献
760.
Jianguo Liu Haitao Zheng Youwen Sun Tao Luo Xueling Cheng Shiyong Shao Shouyin Zheng Bangyi Tao Bin Chen Qianguang Tu Kan Huang Bingbing Wang Mian Wang Xiaoquan Song Tianshu Zhang Yin Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):156-168
Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution in land, sea, and atmosphere. We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China and summarize the progress and main achievements in recent years. China has developed a series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection t... 相似文献