电袋复合型除尘器在电厂除尘改造中的应用

介绍晋北铝业自备电厂4台240t/h锅炉电除尘器改造成电袋复合型除尘器的方案、原理、运行情况,为国内燃煤电厂的电除尘器改造提供借鉴和参考。     

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on pineapple heart rot and bacterial community structure北大核心CSCD

Heart rot is a common soil-borne disease in the pineapple industry, but the situation can be alleviated by the application of bio-fertilizers with beneficial microbiomes. Clarifying the controlling mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on the high incidence of heart rot is critical in monocultural pineapple cropping patterns. In our study, the soil of continuous cropping pineapple orchards was collected. Three types of carriers (rapeseed cake, peat soil, and coconut bran), biocontrol strains (Bacillus subtilis HL2 and Streptomyces strain HL3), and organic fertilizer (YJ) were composted into different bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY), which were used in pot experiments. The controlling effect of the bio-fertilizer was determined based on the response of pineapple heart rot and bacterial communities to different fertilizing methods. Our results revealed that the incidence of heart rot in bio-fertilizer KC was the lowest, which decreased by 20% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to HF (chemical fertilizer, 16-16-16) and YJ (organic fertilizer). The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in all biofertilized treatments (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY) were significantly higher than those in HF. However, the α-diversity indices of the bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, and KY) were higher than those of LC, LN, and LY, and the bacterial community composition was significantly different. The bacteria GP4, GP6, Bacillus, and Azohydromonas were enriched in KC, KN, and KY, while the relative abundance of Streptomyces increased significantly in LC, LN, and LY. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of these bacterial groups was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of pineapple heart rot. In summary, the application of bio-organic fertilizers can decrease the incidence of pineapple heart rot by altering the soil bacterial community structure and stimulating beneficial soil microorganisms, which is important for reconstructing the ecological balance in continuous pineapple orchards. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

铁阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料废水

对铁阳极电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B染料废水过程进行了实验研究.考察了电流密度、染料溶液初始pH值、电介质浓度及种类、温度、染料浓度等因素对脱色效率的影响.结果表明,在一定实验条件下,活性黑KN-B模拟废水的脱色效率达93%;电流强度、染料浓度、电解液初始pH值及电解质的种类对染料溶液脱色效率影响显著,电解液温度、电解质的浓度对脱色效率的影响不明显;以铁为阳极的原位电凝聚处理活性黑KN-B模拟废水混凝过程中主要作用机理以吸附电性中和为主;电凝聚过程中活性黑KN-B在阴极上发生了还原反应.     

苯胺-邻氨基酚共聚物对水中Hg(Ⅱ)吸附性能的研究

利用化学氧化法合成了苯胺-邻氨基苯酚的共聚物,并通过静态实验研究了材料对水中汞离子的吸附性能。研究结果表明,该共聚物对废水中汞离子有优异的去除效果,其吸附容量可达212.13 mg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmu ir单层吸附模型,动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型;溶液pH值对吸附影响不是很大,pH 5~10范围都有较好的吸附效果;氯离子易与汞离子形成水溶性更强的络合物,对共聚物的吸附有很大的抑制作用。     

上海汽车制造业涂装废气VOCs排放特征

于2015年10月对上海市嘉定区4家(A、B、C、D)汽车制造企业涂装废气ρ(VOCs)和组成特征进行了调查分析。结果表明,A、B、C、D厂涂装废气排放口ρ(VOCs)总为0. 743～6. 11 mg/m~3,主要检出物和最高检出值分别为:A厂二甲苯2. 06 mg/m~3、B厂二甲苯0. 578 mg/m~3、C厂甲苯2. 59 mg/m~3、D厂庚烷0. 274 mg/m~3;芳香烃类是A、B、C厂排放比例最高的VOCs组分,烷烃类是D厂排放比例最高的VOCs组分。指出,原、辅料种类影响排放物的主要成分,废气处理工艺类型影响排放物主要成分和浓度。     

OH自由基及其激光诱导荧光法探测

对OH自由基在大气中的作用以及激光诱导荧光法探测环境中OH作了综述。包括：激光诱导荧光法的原理及定标技术；激光诱导荧光法测OH中的技术难点及解决这些难点所采用的技术对策，即气体膨胀技术；高频低脉冲技术；确定背景信号技术。     

不同配方复合肥对胡椒生长效应的研究

1988—1990年在我国重要的胡椒产区——海南省万宁县,进行胡椒施用不同配方复合肥的田间试验。结果表明,N:P_2O_5:K_2O为12:6:13加微肥的配方是胡椒专用肥的较佳配方,施用效果柑当或优于N、P、K比为15:15:15的进口复合肥,比当地常规施肥增产20.2％,能节省肥料成本,有显著的经济效益,可在试区大面积推广。     

Antimony leaching release from brake pads: Effect of pH,temperature and organic acids

Metals from automotive brake pads pollute water, soils and the ambient air. The environmental effect on water of antimony (Sb) contained in brake pads has been largely untested. The content of Sb in one abandoned brake pad reached up to 1.62 × 10⁴ mg/kg. Effects of initial pH, temperature and four organic acids (acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and humic acid) on Sb release from brake pads were studied using batch reactors. Approximately 30% (97 mg/L) of the total Sb contained in the brake pads was released in alkaline aqueous solution and at higher temperature after 30 days of leaching. The organic acids tested restrained Sb release, especially acetic acid and oxalic acid. The pH-dependent concentration change of Sb in aqueous solution was best fitted by a logarithmic function. In addition, Sb contained in topsoil from land where brake pads were discarded (average 9 × 10³ mg/kg) was 3000 times that in uncontaminated soils (2.7 ± 1 mg/kg) in the same areas. Because potentially high amounts of Sb may be released from brake pads, it is important that producers and environmental authorities take precautions.     

不同性质硅肥影响土壤生物有效态镉砷的主要因素

为研究硅肥影响土壤中生物有效态镉(Cd)和砷(As)的主要因素,选择不同性质的3种碱性硅肥[Na₂SiO₃、 CaSiO₃与ASSF (pH 9～11)]和一种弱酸偏中性可溶硅肥(NSSF,pH 5～6)并通过添加不同用量硅肥(25～800 mg·kg^-1,以Si计)开展室内土盆试验,淹水共育21 d后对土壤基本理化性质进行检测,同时利用薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)提取土壤生物有效态Cd和As.结果表明,不同性质硅肥施用对土壤基本理化性质的影响差异显著,具体来说：3种碱性硅肥均显著提升土壤pH值(P<0.05),其中Na₂SiO₃提升土壤pH能力最强;而NSSF的施用则显著降低土壤pH值但提升了土壤Eh值(P<0.05),每单位质量(mg) Si添加量的NSSF可使土壤pH下降0.001 7个单位;在Si添加量达到400 mg·kg^-1后,3种碱性硅肥和NSSF土壤pH和Eh变化都趋于平缓. 4种不同性质硅肥提升土壤有效硅含量能...     

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products(DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes.The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon(PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite(except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole(DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine(DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors(dimethylamine(DMA), ethylmethylamine(EMA), diethylamine(DEA), dipropylamine(DPA), trimethylamine(TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process.