纳米TiO2光催化-SBR工艺处理印染废水的研究

采用纳米"TiO2光催化-SBR"联合工艺对印染废水进行处理.实验所用装置为自行设计的"TiO2光催化-SBR"装置,利用偶联剂法将纳米TiO2附着于聚丙烯多面小球表面作为催化剂.光催化降解阶段以催化剂使用量、pH值和溶解氧(DO)为因素进行正交实验,最佳处理工况为1000个催化剂填料、pH值为8.0、溶解氧浓度为4.0mg·L-1;在SBR处理阶段主要考察反应器曝气时间以及沉淀时间对处理效果的影响,其最佳曝气时间和沉淀时间分别为2.5h、1h.实验结果表明,最终出水的色度、CODCr和BOD5去除率分别为90%、85%和94%.     

Assessing outdoor air quality vertically in an urban street canyon and its response to microclimatic factors

The vertical distribution of air pollutants in urban street canyons is closely related to residents’ health. However, the vertical air quality in urban street canyons has rarely been assessed using field observations obtained throughout the year. Therefore, this study investigated the seasonal and annual concentrations of particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, air quality index, and their responses to microclimatic factors at three height levels (1.5, 27, and 69 m above street level) in an urban street canyon. The PM concentration was higher at 27 m than at 1.5 m in winter, whereas the situation was reversed in other seasons. It was found that photochemical pollutants such as NO₂ and O₃ were the primary pollutants in the urban street canyon. The days on which O₃ was the primary pollutant at the height of 1.5 m accounted for 81.07% of the entire year. The days on which NO₂ was the primary pollutant at the height of 27 and 69 m accounted for 82.49% and 72.33% of the entire year, respectively. Substantially higher concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ were found at the height of 27 m than at 69 m. In-canyon concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ were strongly correlated with air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction, which played important roles in photochemical reactions and pollutant dispersion.     

苏南志留—第三系岩石力学性质及节理形成机制探讨

对苏南地区志留—第三系进行了系统的岩石力学性质测试,包括岩石抗压强度、抗张强度、抗剪切强度、弹性模量和泊松比值。测试结果表明,苏南存在多个岩石力学突变层;影响岩石力学性质的因素主要为岩石类型、组构、结晶程度和受力方向等。本文还讨论了在区域应力场作用下,节理形成机制和应力转化过程。节理形成通常与岩石中各种缺陷有关,在缺陷处应力易于集中。节理具有多种成因机制。     

一株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性

从对藻类及藻毒素有良好去除作用的海绵固定化微生物系统中分离到一株溶藻细菌P0 7,对该菌溶解铜绿微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa)、栅藻(Scenedesmus)及小球藻(Chlorella)的效果、溶藻方式进行了研究,利用16SrDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定.结果表明,该菌株不但对铜绿微囊藻具有良好的溶解效果,而且对淡水中常见的栅藻及小球藻也具有良好的去除作用.初始菌浓度越大,溶藻效果越明显,达到最佳溶藻效果的时间越短.当菌浓度为2 . 4×10 7个·mL- 1 时,3d后铜绿微囊藻的去除率可达到81 .67% .该菌溶藻无需菌体与藻细胞直接接触,是通过分泌某种非蛋白质类物质溶藻.该菌革兰氏染色呈阳性,可运动;不能利用大多数常见碳源.16SrDNA序列分析表明,P0 7菌株与多株芽孢杆菌的16SrDNA核苷酸序列的同源性均在99. 7%以上,归属于芽孢杆菌属.     

泉州市环境放射性水平调查

报道了福建省泉州市环境放射性水平调查方法和结果。调查结果表明 :(1)泉州市原野γ辐射剂量率为 72 .3～ 16 5 .1n Gy/ h,按测点和人口加权均值为 111.5 n Gy/ h和 110 .9n Gy/ h,高于福建省的平均值 (分别为 92 .6 n Gy/ h和87.1n Gy/ h) ,是 UNSCEAR1982年报告中给出的世界陆地γ辐射剂量率按人口加权均值 (5 0 n Gy/ h)的 2 .2 2倍。(2 )泉州市道路γ辐射剂量率测值范围为 6 5 .8～ 14 9.5 n Gy/ h,均值 113.7n Gy/ h,略高于福建省均值 10 6 .4 n Gy/ h。 (3)泉州市建筑物室内天然γ辐射剂量率测值范围为 12 8.9～ 2 86 .3n Gy/ h,按测点和人口加权均值分别为 190 .7n Gy/ h和 188.5 n Gy/h。不同建筑材料建筑物室内天然γ辐射剂量率由高到低的顺序依次为花岗石房 >砖与混凝土房 >煤渣砖房 >砖木、土木房。(4)泉州市天然γ辐射、宇宙和线射天然贯穿辐射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量分别为 1.0 5 m Sv、0 .16 m Sv和1.2 1m Sv,全区集体年有效剂量当量分别为 0 .76× 10 4人· Sv,0 .12× 10 4人·Sv,0 .88× 10 4人· Sv。(5 )土壤中 2 2 6 Ra、2 32 Th、4 0 K含量均值分别为 71.3Bq/ kg、6 8.8Bq/ kg、6 8.8Bq/ kg、94 3.7Bq/ kg。(6 )地下水中2 2 6 Ra、U、Th、Rn浓度均值分别为 31.9m Bq/ L、0 .5     

煤矿塌陷区土壤酶活性与养分分布及相关研究——以焦作韩王庄矿塌陷区为例

选取河南省焦作市韩王庄矿采煤塌陷区土壤作为研究对象,对其酶活性与土壤养分分布及其相关性进行分析,结果表明:土壤酶活性和土壤养分随土壤深度的增加而减少;除过氧化氢酶外,土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量规律均呈现为:上坡点1＜下坡点2＜塌陷中心点O;根据LSD多重比较发现,与对照相比,土壤养分中全氮、全磷、速效钾下降均达到显著或极显著水平;土壤中过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤中碱解氮之间存在着显著的相关关系,脲酶、多酚氧化酶与全氮含量显著相关,蔗糖酶活性和有机质间显著相关.     

Variability of turbulence dispersion characteristics during heavy haze process: A case study in Beijing

The turbulent standard deviations and the turbulent third-order and fourth-order moments are the key turbulence dispersion parameters in Lagrangian dispersion models. However, the characteristics of these parameters under heavy haze conditions in urban areas have not been fully investigated, and the commonly used similarity relations of these parameters in models were based on observations in highly flat and sparsely populated areas. In this paper, the vertical profiles of these parameters and their local similarity relations under heavy haze conditions in the wintertime of Beijing have been analyzed by using data collected at a 325-m meteorological tower. The heavy haze process has been divided into three stages: transport stage (TS), cumulative stage (CS), and dispersion stage (DS). Results show that the turbulent dispersion parameters behave differently during three stages. In the TS and DS, the maxima appear in the profiles of the turbulent standard deviations above the urban canopy; in the CS, the turbulent standard deviation are almost constant with height. The analysis of the third and fourth order moments shows that the wind velocities above the urban canopy in the TS deviate from the Gaussian distribution more significantly than those in the CS and DS. The local similarity relations of the turbulent dispersion parameters in the TS, especially for the longitudinal wind components, are normally different from those in the CS and DS. Thus, different from the common assumptions in Lagrangian models, the turbulence dispersion in horizontal directions is anisotropic and should be parameterized by multiple similarity relations under heavy haze conditions.     

低质量浓度2-硝基-4′-羟基二苯胺暴露对鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70诱导的影响

采用实验室模拟的方法，以日本锦鲫（Carassius auratus）作为实验生物，运用SDS变性胶（SDS-PAGE）蛋白电泳和免疫印迹（Western Blotting）等分子生物学技术，研究了1mg／L 2-硝基-4’-羟基二苯胺（HC Orange No．1）在不同暴露时期对鲫鱼鳃组织应激蛋白HSP70诱导表达的情况，并探讨了鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70作为该有机污染物生物标志物的可行性。结果表明：鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70在暴露2d后相对于空白对照组开始有显著的表达（P〈0．05），并随着暴露天数的增加其表达量显著增加；在暴露4d后其表达量达到最大值；在暴露7d后其表达量开始下降，但可能由于长时间的有机物毒性胁迫，造成了鲫鱼鳃组织损伤和病变，HSP70在随后的暴露时间段内表达量明显下降，均显著低于空白对照组（P〈0．05），因此，鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70并不适宜作为该有机污染物在自然界水生生态系统中的生物标志物。     

两级沸石曝气生物滤池工艺特性研究

采用新的水处理工艺-两级沸石曝气生物滤池(TZBAF)处理生活污水,主要通过实验研究了ZBAF的技术特点.结果表明:CODcr平均进水浓度为245mg/L时,除碳段去除率为84.4%;NH3-N进水为42.9mg/L时,平均去除率达88%,满足中水回用标准.本工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性,C0D容积负荷小于10 kg/m3·d、氨氮小于1.5kg/m3·d时,浓度变化对去除率影响不大.主要问题是内部空隙率较低,曝气反冲洗较为困难,如何改善水力条件还有待进一步研究.     

附着态TiO_2光降解可溶性染料的研究

研究了以黄砂为载体、TiO2为催化剂，在铁离子存在的条件下．以直管高压汞灯为光源．用模拟工业浅池的光反应器，对有机染料酸性玫瑰红B和晒化绿B进行光催化降解的可行性。结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对以上染料有显著的光降解作用。浓度为25mg／L．的上述2种染料溶液，经30min光照，其降解率分别达92．4％和91．3％。此外，还探讨了铁离子浓度、染料浓度、染料体积、染料溶液pH值等因素对光降解的影响。