黄河内蒙古段环境容量及总量控制研究的初步探讨

水环境容量是制定水污染防治规划的基础，研究自治区重要流域水环境容量，是科学地实施以总量控制为目标，制定自治区环境与经济协调发展规划的依据。本研究将在河流断面不同水期水质常年监测的基础上，经过实施确定不同流域的水质模型参数，最终确定出流域内水环境质量，提出各区域水环境总量控制目标。     

黄孢原毛平革菌酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及应用

作为研究木质素降解系统的模式微生物黄孢原毛平革菌,迄今还没有蛋白-蛋白相互作用方面的报道.本研究利用酵母双杂交技术构建了低氮培养基中培养2d和3d的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,分别得到2.5×105和3.0×105个重组子.以14-3-3蛋白为钓饵筛选3d cDNA文库,在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp缺陷培养基平板上共获得了约600个单克隆,进一步分析发现,有30个克隆可激活3个报告基因.分离自这些克隆中的质粒DNA能转化大肠杆菌.利用HaeⅢ和Sau3AⅠ限制酶切分析可将它们分为4类.序列测定和同源分析结果表明,其中一类为14-3-3蛋白基因,提示14-3-3蛋白可形成二聚体,另外3类在GenBank没有明显同源的基因.通过SBASE网站预测,编号为Y2H333的克隆含有一个OB-fold核酸结合结构域(OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain).这些研究结果表明,所构建的黄孢原毛平革菌cDNA酵母杂交文库是成功的,14-3-3蛋白在黄孢原毛平革菌中能以蛋白-蛋白相互作用的形式发挥功能.图4表1参28     

Dynamic fate modeling of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in the lower reaches of the Liao River

A QWASI model dependent on temperature is parameterized to describe the long-term fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Liao River. The model parameters, namely fugacity capacity, degradation rate, and transfer coefficient, are profoundly affected by temperature. This model is used to simulate the fate of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the lower reaches of the Liao River from 1998 to 2008. Modeling results show that γ-HCH fugacity capacities in air, water, and sediment increase as temperature decreases, and the transfer and transformation rate coefficients increase as temperature increases. The variations of transfer and transformation parameter D values depend on fugacity capacities, and transfer and transformation coefficients simultaneously. The performance of the model is evaluated by comparing the predicted and observed concentrations in the water and sediment of the Liao River. The predicted values agree well with the observed value in the order of magnitude, in most cases within the factor of 3. It is believed that the model is appropriate for simulating the long term fate of POPs in the Liao River.     

尿中1-羟基芘的同步荧光测定法

本文报告1-羟基芘的荧光光谱在碱性溶液中的红移现象,研究了在1mol/l NaOH溶液中的同步荧光光谱,得出最适△λ为35nm.以此为基础建立了尿中1-羟基芘的同步荧光测定法,回收率80%,精密度8.0%,检测下限0.05ng/ml.     

Comparisons of the dust/smoke particulate that settled inside the surrounding buildings and outside on the streets of southern New York City after the collapse of the World Trade Center, September 11, 2001

The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001, generated large amounts of dust and smoke that settled in the surrounding indoor and outdoor environments in southern Manhattan. Sixteen dust samples were collected from undisturbed locations inside two uncleaned buildings that were adjacent to Ground Zero. These samples were analyzed for morphology, metals, and organic compounds, and the results were compared with the previously reported outdoor WTC dust/smoke results. We also analyzed seven additional dust samples provided by residents in the local neighborhoods. The morphologic analyses showed that the indoor WTC dust/smoke samples were similar to the outdoor WTC dust/smoke samples in composition and characteristics but with more than 50% mass in the <53-microm size fraction. This was in contrast to the outdoor samples that contained >50% of mass above >53 microm. Elemental analyses also showed the similarities, but at lower concentrations. Organic compounds present in the outdoor samples were also detected in the indoor samples. Conversely, the resident-provided convenience dust samples were different from either the WTC indoor or outdoor samples in composition and pH, indicating that they were not WTC-affected locations. In summary, the indoor dust/smoke was similar in concentration to the outdoor dust/smoke but had a greater percentage of mass <53 microm in diameter.     

Fe(Ⅲ)微生物还原机理及其研究进展

厌氧异养型微生物还原Fe(Ⅲ)的同时可以氧化降解有机物,在污染环境修复中具有积极的作用.目前对Fe(Ⅲ)微生物还原的物理、生物化学特性的认识还十分有限.总结了近年来自然环境中Fe(Ⅲ)还原菌的单菌种分离情况和混合菌的降解作用,探讨了Fe(Ⅲ)还原以及有机物降解的机理,分析了Fe(Ⅲ)可能对微生物产生的抑制作用,并提出了进一步研究的方向.     

灌淤土施氮后土壤硝态氮的动态变化

通过室内模拟试验,探讨不同水分条件下灌淤土施用不同氮肥后硝态氮随时间的变化规律,并在田间条件下,测定不同氮肥形态和数量对土壤硝态氮含量的影响。灌淤土施氮后土壤硝态氮含量变化与土壤含水量及氮肥种类有关。施肥9d后,土壤中的硝态氮迅速增加;土壤水分低于田间持水量的50%或水分过饱和都明显影响灌淤土的硝化作用;施用大颗粒尿素产生的硝态氮最少,淋失或流失的几率小。灌淤土土体中硝态氮的残留与施氮种类及数量有直接关系。施肥使土壤表层硝态氮显著增加,施用大颗粒尿素尤为突出,但施大颗粒尿素后,60cm土体中残留的硝态氮总量最少。随着施氮量增加,表层土体中硝态氮含量增加。合理的施肥水平一般不会造成硝态氮的大量累积,而过量施氮则导致硝态氮明显积累,对通气透水性好的灌淤土,容易造成硝态氮淋失。     

推行垃圾的分类收集

本文阐述应用市场经济法则,用经济手段来实现垃圾的分类收集,从而建立一种新的垃圾收集的运行机制。     

日本东京湾地区冬季飘尘污染研究

对东京湾地区冬季高浓度飘尘污染进行了分析，研究结果表明，日本某些特定地区也存在着与中国严重污染城市相当的飘尘污染；分析指出高浓度的飘尘污染主要来自于人为污染，其中废弃物焚烧和汽车排气的贡献占重要地位，这与中国大气煤烟型污染截然不同。     

绿色机动车—燃料电池汽车

简要叙述了燃料电池汽车的技术特点，主要有：能量转化效率高，ＣＯ２排放量比内燃机汽车低，基本不产生有毒气体，不要充电。在此基础上较详细地介绍了世界各国的燃料电池汽车研究现状，并针对上海市机动车污染严重的现状，提出了发展燃料电池汽车及其相关产业的建议。