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581.
本文主要介绍了我国的活火山、火山灾害情况及国内外的火山预警政策。在此基础上讨论了我国火山地区预警政策的组成结构,认为完整的火山地区预警政策应该包括活火山识别、火山风险评价与灾害区划图、制定火山应急预案、火山防灾减灾知识宣传、火山监测和灾害预报、火山灾害预警等级划分、火山减灾工程措施以及预警响应措施等方面,并对火山预警政... 相似文献
582.
本文从造纸行业特征、资源消耗、污染物排放等方面入手,结合区域资源环境承载力,分析行业发展可能带来的环境污染问题.分析造纸行业发展与其所需主要资源间的空间布局关系,明确选定行业发展的资源、环境和生态制约条件.结合造纸行业特点,从环境约束、生态约束和资源约束入手,构建其环境管理类型区划分的指标体系;采用层次分析法、灰色定权聚类分析等方法对分区数据进行必要处理,采用二维判断矩阵法等方法进行环境管理类型区划分,对实施针对造纸行业分区域、分类别、差别化的环境管理提供了决策依据和方法基础. 相似文献
583.
加大对重点项目和民生项目建设的环境管理,充分发挥环评在产业结构调整、工业布局优化中的重要作用,是政府和环保部门当前必须认真对待的首要问题。 相似文献
584.
为策应江苏省生态建设和农村环境质量的改善,及早实现环境保护参与农村农业社会经济发展综合决策和提升环保管理水平的目标,本文着重对江苏里下河腹部地区水环境状况进行了调查与分析,揭示出乡镇企业、农业面源、水产畜禽养殖、生活污水和废弃污染物排放,造成水环境污染以及对社会、经济、环境建设与发展的影响,有较强的真实性、针对性和代表性。首次研究了改善江苏里下河腹部地区农村水污染防治的对策和措施,不仅为里下河地区"十二五"期间水环境污染防治与管理提供依据还为江苏省乃至全国低洼水域的农村污染物控制和管理起到启示。 相似文献
585.
河套灌区的主体为后套平原,总土地面积为1万平方公里,主要为黄河冲积平原。由于化肥、农药的大量使用,致使河套地区地表水体和地下水氮、磷普遍超标。本文针对河套面源污染问题,提出了几点防治措施。 相似文献
586.
A framework for analyzing climate change adaptations as actions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Klaus Eisenack Rebecca Stecker 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(3):243-260
Developing generalized theories about adaptation to climate change requires common concepts to map different adaptation situations.
The paper aims to contribute to this endeavor by presenting a novel framework that conceptualizes adaptations to climate change
as actions. The framework is intended to systematically analyze the actor relations involved in adaptations and the barriers
to their implementation. By combining established scientific action theories with terminology from the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC) in an innovative way, it can be used to clarify the notion of adaptation used in adaptation assessments.
The framework’s potential is illustrated by a case study on cooling water management in the river Rhine catchment and by the
elucidation of some prominent concepts in adaptation research. We show that by framing adaptations as actions, the purpose
of adaptations and how they tend to connect up in means-ends-chains becomes crucial. Actors can take different functional
roles as exposure unit, operator and receptor of adaptation. A mismatch of these roles can lead to barriers to adaptation,
of which we deduce four types: complex actor relations, missing operators, missing means and unemployed means. The case study
yields a complex bundle of adaptations, and shows that the potential barriers involved are quite diverse. There is thus no
blueprint solution. Although we identify entry points for adaptation, the analysis leads to a skeptical conclusion for adapting
cooling water management in the whole Rhine catchment. 相似文献
587.
Ellen M. Douglas Paul H. Kirshen Michael Paolisso Chris Watson Jack Wiggin Ashley Enrici Matthias Ruth 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(5):537-562
We explored the possible future impacts of increased coastal flooding due to sea level rise and the potential adaptation responses
of two urban, environmental justice communities in the metropolitan Boston area of Massachusetts. East Boston is predominantly
a residential area with some industrial and commercial activities, particularly along the coastal fringe. Everett, a city
to the north of Boston, has a diversified industrial and commercial base. While these two communities have similar socioeconomic
characteristics, they differ substantially in the extent to which residents would be impacted by increased coastal flooding.
In East Boston, a large portion of residents would be flooded, while in Everett, it is the commercial/industrial districts
that are primarily vulnerable. Through a series of workshops with residents in each community, we found that the target populations
do not have an adaptation perspective or knowledge of any resources that could assist them in this challenge. Furthermore,
they do not feel included in the planning processes within their communities. However, a common incentive for both communities
was an intense commitment to their communities and an eagerness to learn more and become actively engaged in decisions regarding
climate change adaptation. The lessons that can be applied to other studies include 1) images are powerful tools in communicating
concepts, 2) understanding existing cultural knowledge and values in adaptation planning is essential to the planning process
and 3) engaging local residents at the beginning of the process can create important educational opportunities and develop
trust and consensus that is necessary for moving from concept to implementation. 相似文献
588.
Makino Yamada Yamanoshita Masahiro Amano 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(4):425-440
It has been recognized that the involvement of local community is essential to ensure the sustainability of A/R CDM (afforestation/reforestation
clean development mechanism) project. This study verifies if the risks of non-permanence and leakage are addressed in a registered
small scale A/R CDM project in Vietnam. Workshops, interviews, and a questionnaire survey of local villagers revealed that
the project has caused a shortage of land for conventional activities such as grazing, fuel wood collection and shifting cultivation,
and consequently posed the risks of project non-permanence and leakage. It is suggested that participation of all stakeholders
in the community to the A/R CDM project beyond existing land tenure and adequate carbon benefit sharing according to the level
of contribution to the project are required to reduce the risk of non permanence. To ensure the participation, the community
should have capability such as consensus building and collective action. Leakage would be minimized if the community has alternative
measures to the conventional activities before starting the project. We argue that it is necessary to first develop a community’s
capabilities in the readiness phase of any A/R CDM project in order to reduce the risks for the project sustainability, and
that new sources of funding are needed for this purpose. 相似文献
589.
Building regional priorities in forests for development and adaptation to climate change in the Congo Basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Denis J. Sonwa Johnson N. Nkem Monica E. Idinoba Mekou Y. Bele Cyprain Jum 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(4):441-450
Indentifying common priorities in shared natural resource systems constitutes an important platform for implementing adaptation
and a major step in sharing a common responsibility in addressing climate change. Predominated by discourses on REDD + (Reduced
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of
forest carbon stocks in developing countries) with little emphasis on adaptation there is a risk of lack of policy measures
in addressing climate change in the Congo Basin. Forest products and ecosystem services provide security portfolios for the
predominantly rural communities, and play major roles in national development programmes in both revenue and employment opportunities.
Thus, raising the profile of forests in the policy arena especially in the twin roles of addressing climate change in mitigation
and adaptation and achieving resilient development is crucial. Within the framework of the Congo Basin Forests and Climate
Change Adaptation project (COFCCA) project, science policy dialogue was conducted to identify and prioritize forest based
sectors vulnerable to climate change but important to household livelihoods and national development. The goal of the prioritization
process was for the development of intervention in forest as measures for climate change adaptation in Central Africa. Participants
constituted a wide range of stakeholders (government, Non Governmental Organizations, research institutions, universities,
community leaders, private sectors etc.) as representatives from three countries directly involved in the project: Cameroon,
Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of Congo. Building on national priorities, four forest related sectors were
identified as common priorities at the regional level for focus on climate change adaptation. These sectors included: (1)
energy with emphasis on fuel wood and Charcoal; (2) Water principally quality, quantity, accessibility, etc.; (3) Food with emphasis on Non Timber Forest Products, and (4) Health linked to healthcare products (medicinal plants). Using these prioritized sectors, the project focused on addressing the impacts of climate change on local communities and the development of adaptation strategies in the three pilot countries
of the Congo Basin region. The four sectors constitute the key for development in the region and equally considered as priority sectors in the poverty
reduction papers. Focused research on these sectors can help to inject the role of forests in national and local development
and their potentials contributions to climate change adaptation in national and public discourses. Mainstreaming forest for
climate change adaptation into national development planning is the key to improve policy coherence and effectiveness in forest
management in the region. 相似文献
590.
通过分析厦门地震台数字化观测中出现的误处理事件,查找出诸多原因,如预处理软件存在BUG、数据处理方法不当、电源故障等。也提出一些预防办法。 相似文献