泥炭沼泽土壤酶活性对水热条件变化的响应及其与CO_2释放通量的关系——以小兴安岭地区为例

采用实验室培养的方法,研究了小兴安岭地区两类典型的泥炭沼泽:苔草型泥炭沼泽和泥炭藓型泥炭沼泽中几种水解酶活性(β-葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶)对不同温度和水位变化的响应,以及与CO_2释放通量的相瓦关系.结果表明:β-葡萄糖苷酶活性在两类泥炭沼泽中受多种因素制约,在一定湿度范围内受水位控制较明显,当土壤湿度降低到一定程度时,温度对土壤酶活性影响增强.酚氧化酶活性与温度密切相关,但对温度变化的响应存在明显的季节性差异.相对而言,苔草型泥炭沼泽中β-葡萄糖苷酶和酚氧化酶活性显著高于相同培养条件下泥炭藓型泥炭沼泽.总体上,苔草型泥炭沼泽中水解酶活性较泥炭藓型泥炭沼泽中高,但是其CO_2释放通量却低于泥炭鲜型泥炭沼泽,表明与有机碳分解有关的水解酶的活性高低不能作为解释泥炭沼泽CO_2释放通量大小的唯一指标.     

两种热带雨林土壤微生物生物量碳季节动态及其影响因素

2005年通过样地调查法比较了西双版纳两种类型热带雨林(季节沟谷雨林和石灰山季雨林)的土壤微生物生物量碳季节变化及其与环境因子的关系.结果显示:两林地土壤微生物生物量碳均呈现雨季高于干季,其中石灰山季雨林具有明显的季节差异,并在干、雨季都显著高于季节沟谷雨林.相关分析表明:两林地土壤微生物生物量碳的变化与土壤温湿度、相同月凋落量变化没有显著的相关关系,但与提前两个月的凋落量波动有正相关关系.说明雨林土壤微生物生物量碳的波动周期比凋落量滞后,其季节变化受森林凋落量节律的影响.石灰山季雨林土壤微生物生物量碳较季节沟谷雨林高的主要原因可能与其具有较高的土壤有机碳、氮和pH值,以及主要树种凋落物的C/N比较低有关,但相关机制还需进一步研究.     

植物浮床-微生物对污染水体的修复作用

在唐山市南湖公园进行了植物浮床-微生物修复富营养化水体的研究.研究结果表明:凤眼莲Eichhomia crassipes、美人蕉Canna indica Linn、鸢尾Iris tectorum Maxim是较好的修复污染水体的植物,因为它们既有良好的修复效果又有良好的观赏价值.将人工填料悬挂于植物浮床下,形成植物和微生物相结合的修复系统,其修复效果明显好于单独植物修复技术,因此温度较高时用植物和微生物共同结合的生物修复技术修复水体污染;秋末冬初温度较低时,植物开始死亡,必须将植物收割,以免植物残体造成二次污染,此时用固定化氮循环细菌(INCB)和水体中原有微生物相结合的技术来修复水体的污染.应用这些技术经过为期3 a的修复试验,南湖公园的水体由地表水劣Ⅴ类恢复到了Ⅲ类标准,基本解决了南湖公园水体的污染问题.     

多溴联苯醚对鲫鱼离体肝脏组织中CAT和GSH-Px的影响

以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为试验材料,研究了在离体条件下经不同质量浓度的2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)和2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)暴露后,鲫鱼肝脏组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的动态变化.结果表明,采用质量浓度为0.10～10.00 mg·L-1的BDE-47和5.6～100.00mg·L-1的BDE-209分别处理鲫鱼肝脏组织30 min,0.10 mg·L-1 BDE-47和5.6 mg·L-1BDE-209试验组鲫鱼肝脏组织中CAT和GSH-Px活性与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),其余各试验组的CAT和GSH-Px活性随BDE-47及BDE-209质量浓度的增加而逐渐下降,均与BDE-47及BDE-209的质量浓度呈明显的相关关系(P<0.01).这说明BDE-47和BDE-209对鲫鱼肝脏产生了氧化损伤,具有生化毒性影响.     

不同种植制度土壤氧化还原酶活性和动力学特征

土壤质量与土壤的生物学性质密切相关,种植制度对土壤生物学特性的影响研究对土壤质量管理具有重要的意义.以黑龙江853农场不同种植制度土壤为研究对象,探讨种植制度对土壤理化性质,过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性和动力学特征的影响.主要研究结果:农作物轮作有利于提高土壤全碳含量,而大豆连作和玉米-大豆轮作使土壤有效氮和全氮含量提高,大豆连作土壤pH显著低于其它作物连作及轮作处理,全磷含量显著高于其它处理;2种轮作体系均提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性和催化能力,且催化能力的提高源于酶的Km降低(即酶-底物亲合力提高);玉米-小麦-大豆轮作提高土壤脱氢酶活性及催化能力,其催化能力的提高由2个动力学参数的变化共同决定,禾本科作物连作土壤动力学参数与豆科作物种植(大豆连作及与禾本科轮作)具有显著差异.本文的研究表明,合理的轮作方式是提高土壤生物学活性的有效手段.     

Analytical solutions of three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media: A library

The purpose of this study is to present a library of analytical solutions for the three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media with the first-order decay, linear sorption, and zero-order production. The library is constructed using Green’s function method (GFM) in combination with available solutions. The library covers a wide range of solutions for various conditions. The aquifer can be vertically finite, semi-infinitive or infinitive, and laterally semi-infinitive or infinitive. The geometry of the sources can be of point, line, plane or volumetric body; and the source release can be continuous, instantaneous, or by following a given function over time. Dimensionless forms of the solutions are also proposed. A computer code FlowCAS is developed to calculate the solutions. Calculated results demonstrate the correctness of the presented solutions. The library is widely applicable to solve contaminant transport problems of one- or multiple- dimensions in uniform flow fields.     

Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH₃ and H₂S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H₂S (56.58-579.84 μg/m³) and NH₃ (520-4460 μg/m³) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H₂S and NH₃ concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run.     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

Ⅱ系统烧结机尾收尘系统存在问题分析及改进

指出了Ⅱ系统烧结机机尾CSF型收尘系统投入使用以来存在的问题 ,并对存在的问题作了详细分析 ,最后针对问题提出了相应的改进措施     

贵溪冶炼厂烟尘布袋收集系统改造

介绍了贵溪冶炼厂烟尘布袋收集系统改造及运行状况。