Objective: Road accidents are an important public health concern, and speeding is a major contributor. Although flow theory (FLT) is a valid model for understanding behavior, currently the nature of the roles and interplay of FLT constructs within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework when attempting to explain the determinants of motivations for intention to speed and speeding behavior of car drivers is not yet known. The study aims to synthesize TPB and FLT in explaining drivers of advanced vehicles intentions to speed and speed violation behaviors and evaluate factors that are critical for explaining intention and behavior.
Method: The hypothesized model was validated using a sample collected from 354 fully licensed drivers of advanced vehicles, involving 278 males and 76 females on 2 occasions separated by a 3-month interval. During the first of the 2 occasions, participants completed questionnaire measures of TPB and FLT variables. Three months later, participants' speed violation behaviors were assessed.
Results: The study observed a significant positive relationship between the constructs. The proposed model accounted for 51 and 45% of the variance in intention to speed and speed violation behavior, respectively. The independent predictors of intention were enjoyment, attitude, and subjective norm. The independent predictors of speed violation behavior were enjoyment, concentration, intention, and perceived behavioral control.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that safety interventions for preventing speed violation behaviors should be aimed at underlying beliefs influencing the speeding behaviors of drivers of advanced vehicles. Furthermore, perceived enjoyment is of equal importance to driver's intention, influencing speed violation behavior. 相似文献
Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the
solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C)
and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio
was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the
increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH4) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding
CH4 production process. However, CH4 production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH4 production potential was in the range of 389 to 503 mL CH4/g VS MBM and 464 to 555 mL CH4/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. 相似文献
Analyses of the elytral hydrocarbons from male and female emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, that were freshly emerged vs. sexually mature (>10 days old) revealed a female-specific compound, 9-methyl-pentacosane
(9-Me-C25), only present in sexually mature females. This material was synthesized by the Wittig reaction of 2-decanone with (n-hexadecyl)-triphenylphosphonium bromide followed by catalytic reduction to yield racemic 9-Me C25, which matched the natural compound by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (retention time and EI mass spectrum). In field
bioassays with freeze-killed sexually mature A. planipennis females, feral males spent significantly more time in contact and attempting copulation with unwashed females than with females
that had been washed in n-hexane to remove the cuticular lipids. Hexane-washed females to which 9-Me-C25 had been reapplied elicited similar contact time and percentage of time attempting copulation as unwashed females, indicating
that 9-methyl-pentacosane is a contact sex pheromone component of A. planipennis. This is the first contact sex pheromone identified in the Buprestidae. 相似文献
A new analysis approach is developed to predict the temperature in dry drilling. The working rake angle and the working relief angle which the effect of feed is considered at an arbitrary point in the leading cutting edge of a twist drill are developed for the equivalent model. Then finite element models are developed to predict the drilling temperature based on the equivalent model. Commercial finite element codes Abaqus, Deform 2D and Third Wave Systems AdvantEdge have been used. In simulations, different chip separation models and material models are applied in the three codes. And the effect of the laws of drilling velocities and feed rates on the temperature are investigated by the finite element method. Predicted results of the maximum temperatures by three codes are compared with experiments, respectively. Results indicate that the drilling temperature results of simulations have good agreement to the experimental ones, and the errors are all less than 15%. 相似文献