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991.
K. M. S. Sundaram S. Y. Szeto 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):579-599
Abstract An oil‐based formulation of carbaryl (1‐naphthyl N‐methyl‐carbamate) (Sevin‐2‐Oil) was applied twice by a fixed‐wing aircraft at a dosage rate of 280 g of A.I./ha/application to a coniferous forest near Allardville, New Brunswick. The highest concentrations of the chemical in fir foliage, litter and forest soil 1 h after application were respectively 4.20, 1.21 and 0.59 ppm (fresh weight). The residues dissipated rapidly and the DT50 values obtained from the depletion curves were 2.3 d for foliage and 1.5 d for litter and soil samples. Very low levels (<0.1 ppm) of carbaryl persisted in foliage and litter beyond the 10 d sampling period. The maximum residue level found in stream water was 0.314 ppm and more than 50% of it had dissipated within 1 h. Low but detectable levels (0.001 ppm) of the chemical persisted in water until the end of the 10 d sampling period. Sediment samples contained a maximum level of 0.04 ppm, which dissipated below the detection limit within 5 h. Brook trout and slimy sculpins captured in the stream 1 d after the spray contained on average about 0.04 ppm of carbaryl and none of it was found in 3 d postspray samples. 相似文献
992.
A. A. Al‐Mihanna A.K. Salama M.Y. Abdalla 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):693-704
Abstract Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos was studied in liquid culture media amended with either single or combined eight different plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the continuous cropping wheat fields. The average recovery of chlorpyrifos from the liquid media was found to be 86.1%. The detection limit of chlorpyrifos by the analytical method used was 19 ppb. Data showed that the growth of mixed fungi at concentrations up to 200 ppm of chlorpyrifos was higher than in the control treatment. Chlorpyrifos concentrations declined in the medium of combined fungi more than it did in the medium of any single fungus with increase in the incubation period. The amount of chlorpyrifos recovered was 79.8 ppm (39.9%) in the combined fungal cultures after 21 days. However, those recovered from the media of Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporhim cladosporiodes, Cephalosporium sp., Trichoderma viridi, Alternaria alternata, and Cladorrhinum brunnescens, ranged from 48.0 to 74.8%. The half‐life value (T1/2) for chlorpynfos was 15.8 day in the medium amended with mixed fungi. However, for the single cultures it ranged from 19.3 to 33.0 day. 相似文献
993.
David Sinclair Richard J. Countess Benjamin Y. H. Liu David Y. H. Pui 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):661-663
The diffusion battery, an assembly of circular tubes or rectangular channels, is one of the best devices available for measuring the size and size distribution of submicron aerosols in the diameter range 0.002 to 0.2 µ m. The performance of these batteries is known from molecular diffusion theory, but until now has not been checked experimentally in this size range because of the lack of the necessary monodisperse aerosols. Experimental measurements on singly charged monodisperse aerosols from 0.01 µm to 0.1 µ m are described using a General Electric and a Pollak condensation nucleus counter to measure the aerosol penetration through the stages of a set of portable diffusion batteries in series. Particle sizes in the range tested could be selected at will by adjusting the voltage of an electric mobility classifier. The fraction of aerosol of a given size passing through each battery stage was found to agree closely with the penetration calculated from molecular diffusion theory for that size. This shows that the theory is correct and confirms that the aerosol produced by the electric mobility classifier was monodisperse. In addition, it was found that the difference in penetration between a charged versus a neutralized aerosol was insignificant except for the smallest aerosols used. 相似文献
994.
喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山植物区系的一般特征及植物资源的保护与开发利用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据1987—1988年两年考察的结果,初步讨论了喀喇昆仑—昆仑山地区植物区系的一般特征:1.植物种类比较贫乏高等植物仅243属约700种;2.北温带分布型属占绝对优势;3.以桑株河谷为界,昆仑山西段与东段的植物区系有很大差异;4.无严格的特有属,但种的分化强烈,种群数量大。本区由于极端干旱,自然生态系统十分脆弱,而森林和各类天然植被在维护本区自然生态系统平衡方面,起着十分重大的作用。在严格保护使森林和各类自然植被不致破坏的前提下,提出本区最有可能开发利用的植物资源是药用植物资源,除许多著名的中药外,应着重开发利用红景天属(Rhodiola)、风毛菊属(Saussurea)、葱属(Allium)的药用植物,并对当地的民族药物矮膜苞芹(Hymnolaena nana)等,进行深入研究。 相似文献
995.
采用两级氧化法处理油田压裂返排液。在次氯酸钠、次氯酸钙、过氧化氢、高锰酸钾4种氧化剂中,次氯酸钠的氧化效果最好。以次氯酸钠作为一级氧化剂,进行一级氧化处理;再分别采用次氯酸钙、过氧化氢、高锰酸钾进行二级氧化处理。在次氯酸钠加入量为40mL/L、一级氧化反应时间为30min、二级氧化反应时间为30min、初始废水COD为3976mg/L的条件下,二级氧化剂过氧化氢、次氯酸钙、高锰酸钾的最佳加入量分别为80,40,40mL/L,对应的COD去除率分别为82.60%,71.50%,83.50%。 相似文献
996.
997.
抗生素作为一种新型污染物,可随着城市污水厂中污泥的处理处置单元最终进入环境中,对人类健康造成潜在威胁.以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,考察在不同初始p H(p H=5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5、9.5、10.5)条件下,12种抗生素在污泥厌氧消化过程中降解迁移的规律.结果显示,p H为7.5时,总抗生素去除率最高,为55.7%;p H为5.5时,总抗生素去除率最低,仅为21.7%.厌氧消化后,抗生素明显由固相向液相迁移,且总抗生素去除率与其固相迁移至液相的抗生素含量显著相关. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
Xia Manhong Dong Shaogang Chen Yue Liu Hui 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):4075-4087
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Due to the drought climate and a large amount of groundwater drainage, there are widespread environmental geological problems in prairie open-pit coal mining... 相似文献