HRT对城市污水厂尾水反硝化深度脱氮的影响

污水厂尾水回用作为水源时,其ρ(TN)较高是亟待解决的问题. 在调研污水厂尾水水质的基础上,利用MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)对其进行深度脱氮,并考察HRT(水力停留时间)对不同填料(聚乙烯和陶粒)的MBBR运行效果的影响. 结果表明,NO₃--N是尾水中氮的主要形态,其质量浓度约占ρ(TN)的80.8%±8.4%. HRT分别为12、8和4 h时,对NO₃--N去除率影响不大,均能达到90%以上,但反硝化能力随着HRT的缩短而成倍增加;HRT为4 h时各反应器的反硝化能力最大,聚乙烯和陶粒MBBR中分别为(28.4±14.5)和(27.4±14.3)mg/(L·d)(以NO₃--N计). 随着HRT的减少,COD_Cr去除率呈降低趋势. 三维荧光分析表明,进、出水中均含有类富里酸和类蛋白质等DOM物质. HRT为8 h时MBBR对DOM的去除率最高,聚乙烯填料MBBR对有机污染物的去除效果略优于陶粒填料. 综合考虑氮和有机污染物去除效能,聚乙烯和陶粒填料MBBR优化HRT均为8 h.      

Multi-index integrated assessment and analysis of town-sewage treatment priorities in China

Water quality is one of the most serious problems of environment and national sustainable development strategy now facing China. After hard work over the last several decades, urban-sewage treatment in China is now relatively well developed. It now affords mainly higher levels of sewage collection and treatment, as well as pollution-load control. The characteristic rapid urbanization now occurring in China is still increasing and developing dramatically, and involves large numbers of people. However, in towns, sewage treatment infrastructure is inadequate, and a high percentage of the sewage generated there is not effectively collected and treated. The sewage and pollution load of such towns have become the most important reason for environmental water problems in China. To understand the priorities of sewage treatment in such towns, and their spatial distribution in China, we conducted two nationwide investigations of water use and sewage discharge in towns. Based on the integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP), assessment indices and a framework of town-sewage treatment priorities in China were constructed. Then, we assessed and analyzed the priorities of towns regarding three aspects of sewage treatment: environmental stress, economic capability, and infrastructure. The results showed that the southeast coastal areas and north China had higher demand for sewage treatment than other areas. The demand in eastern and western areas had obvious differences in spatial distribution, but had nearly no differences within those areas. The towns having the greatest demand for high-priority sewage treatment were concentrated in regions with high economic capability and intense water resource utilization.     

Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂ as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation (R₂>0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.     

《2019年实现可持续发展目标所需转变及其指数和指示板全球报告》分析与政策建议

联合国可持续发展解决方案网络与贝塔斯曼基金会联合发布的《2019年实现可持续发展目标所需转变及其指数和指示板全球报告》评估了162个国家和地区17项可持续发展目标(SDGs)的实现情况,在全球具有影响力。本文分析了该报告的SDG指数和指示板构建的方法学变化及新增的SDG Trend评估情况,重点针对国别、区域层面的SDGs实施进展以及中国的进展状况进行深入分析,认为OECD、东亚、拉丁美洲、非洲等区域可持续发展目标实现进展各有特征,中国总排名上升但各项SDG子目标实施进展差异大,生态环境领域仍面临严峻挑战。提出中国要加快推进构建本土化的国家和地区可持续发展目标体系、对接"一带一路"倡议与联合国2030年议程等政策建议。     

绿色招商项目遴选决策系统的开发及应用

引入绿色度作为招商项目优劣的评价标准,在构建招商项目绿色度评价指标体系及其评价模型的基础上,开发出绿色招商项目遴选决策系统程序,并应用于某工业园区的招商决策.该系统可作为绿色招商决策的辅助工具,具有一定的应用价值与推广前景.     

Coupling catalytic hydrolysis and oxidation for CS2 removal

CS2 removal was Obtained by coupling catalytic hyidation on bi-functional catalyst.On the hydrolysis active sites,CS2 is hydrolyzed to H2S,while on the oxidation active sites,H2S is oxidized to elemental S or sulfuric acid deposited on the porous support.The above process can be expressed as followsCS2→H2O COS →H2O H2S→O2 S/SO2- 4.H2S oxidation eliminates its prohibition on CS2 hydrolysis so that the rate of coupling removal CS2 is 5 times higher than that of CS2 hydrolysis.The same active energy of hydrolysis and coupling reaction also indicates that H2S oxidation does not change the reaction mechanism of CS2 hydrolysis.Temperature has obvious effect on the process while the mole ratio of O2 concentration to CS2 concentration (O/S) does not,especially in excess of 2.5.The formation of sulfuric acid on the catalyst surface poisons hydrolysis active sites and causes the decrease of left OH-1 concentration on the catalysts surface.Lower temperature is suggested for this bi-functional catalyst owing to the low yield ratio of S/SO4 2-.     

关于悬浮填料生物膜工艺的探讨

通过对市场上悬浮填料产品的调查研究,分析了其材质、结构、形状、物理生化特性,总结了悬浮填料的一些基本特性参数,阐述了其在工程实例中的应用情况,并对当前悬浮填料的开发现状作了介绍,为悬浮填料产品的行业规范制定提供参考。     

西安市LUCC预测生态系统服务价值损失

人类活动作用于土地资源,使LUCC（土地利用／土地覆被变化）在全球环境变化过程中起主导作用,随着国际LUCC研究计划的进展,各国依据本国的实际情况开展研究。对西安市以往五年（2000-2004年）的土地利用基础数据开展调查统计分析,建立灰色系统动态GM（1,1）模型,预测2005—2010年西安市土地利用结构变化状况,尝试计算西安市土地生态系统服务价值损失（简称生态损失）,用一种直观经济指标-货币来反映这种生态损失。预测2010年西安市生态损失为331、84×10^6元。     

城市污水厂初沉池的设置方式及运行效果

跟据初沉池在城市污水厂长期的实际运行数据,分析了初沉池去除污水中的悬浮物、有机物、降低能耗、降低水质波动对生化系统的冲击等方面所起的作用,设置初沉池还有利于提高生化系统污泥的活性成份（MLVSS／MLSS）、增强出水效果;同时探讨了初沉池在城市污水处理中的设置方式,通过设置超越管线,在冬、夏季水质波动较大,保持生化系统进水有机负荷的稳定,提出了优化初沉池的处理效果的运行方式。     

关于GB18218-2009标准中易燃气体临界量分析

分析了我国重大危险源辨识标准的修订工作及评价方法的研究状况。新标准明确监管对象为危险化学品,并通过设立危险化学品类别及其临界量的方式拓展了监管范围。我国采用的重大危险源评价方法着重关注危险物质的种类和数量,以物质的固有危险性作为评判依据,更符合我国危险化学品现状。利用蒸气云爆炸及沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸两类事故模型对GB18218-2009中临界量的易燃气体可能的致害范围进行模拟分析。研究认为,危险化学品重大危险源的辨识是在物质固有危险性的基础上,综合考虑了事故发生频率、次要危险性、化学反应活性及对环境影响等诸多因素。