圆管空拔壁厚变化分析

此文利用主应力法推导出圆管空拔壁厚变化量解析式。该式计算结果与以定常三维流动上界解析同类问题结果相接近,且表达式简单,也与拔管的实验结果相一致。因而,可在圆管空拔壁厚计算时推广应用。     

城市生活垃圾的卫生填埋

随着经济的迅速发展及工业化与城市化进程的加快，城市生活垃圾急剧增多。垃圾污染环境，对城市居民的健康和生存构成了严重威胁，已成为社会一大公害，因此，对垃圾的处理刻不容缓。传统的垃圾填埋技术已远远满足不了社会对保护环境的要求。卫生填埋是在传统垃圾填埋技术基础上发展起来的处理城市生活垃圾的较为理想的方法。现代卫生填埋场是一项相当复杂的系统工程，涉及许多方面内容。根据收集到的资料，对城市生活垃圾特性、垃圾填埋场的功能和构造、垃圾填埋场的规划、选址及勘察、垃圾渗沥液、防渗工程、垃圾力学等诸多方面分别进行了阐述。     

Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9. Six cases and a review of the literature

Six prenatally diagnosed cases of trisomy 9 are reported and 22 previously reported cases are reviewed; the difficulty of genetic counselling for such cases and the variation in the percentage of trisomic cells in different tissues, thus making accurate diagnosis of trisomy 9 difficult, are emphasized. In addition to karyotyping results, ultrasound findings are important in achieving diagnoses. Finally, a course of action when prenatal trisomy 9 is detected is proposed.     

中国农业技术应用的宏观取向与农户技术采用行为诱导

综合分析表明，中国农业技术应用的宏观取向是可持续农业技术，然而，现实情况显示出，我国农户总体上表现出的技术采用偏好与国家的宏观技术取向存在着较大差异，缩小差异是可持续农业发展的必然要求。本文着重分析了中国农业技术应用的宏观取向，农户技术采用偏好，以及二者差异的原因，并根据农户采用行为规律，提出了缩小这上差异的诱导措施。     

Decomposition of silicate minerals by Bacillus mucilaginosus in liquid culture

The extraction of K⁺ and SiO₂ from silicate minerals by Bacillus mucilaginosus in liquid culture was studied in incubation experiments. B. mucilaginosus was found to dissolve soil minerals and mica and simultaneously release K⁺ and SiO₂ from the crystal lattices. In contrast, the bacterium did not dissolve feldspar. B. mucilaginosus also produced organic acids and polysaccharides during growth. The polysaccharides strongly adsorbed the organic acids and attached to the surface of the mineral, resulting in an area of high concentration of organic acids near the mineral. The polysaccharides also adsorbed SiO₂ and this affected the equilibrium between the mineral and fluid phases and led to the reaction toward SiO₂ and K⁺ solubilization. These two processes led to the decomposition of silicate minerals by the bacterium.     

Effect of copper on the adsorption of p-nitrophenol onto soils

The effect of copper on adsorption of p-nitrophenol on two typical Chinese soils was investigated using a batch-equilibration method. Adsorption experiments were carried out when both copper and p-nitrophenol were adsorbed simultaneously, and when copper was previously adsorbed on soils. It was observed that adsorption of p-nitrophenol decreased with increasing copper concentrations thereby indicating a competition between copper and p-nitrophenol for occupying the adsorption sites on soils. Moisture increased the hydrated sphere and the acidity of water surrounding the cation, which further reduced the adsorption of p-nitrophenol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study provided the direct evidence for the coordination of p-nitrophenol sorbed by soils with metal cation in n-hexane system. It was observed that the perturbations included a red shift of the nu(asym) (NO) band, a concomitant blue-shift of the nu(sym) (NO) band and a blue-shift of C-N band when compared with the infrared spectra obtained from water solution.     

城市天然气工程环境风险评价

结合广州、深圳、东莞、佛山等城市的天然气工程情况,对城市天然气工程的环境风险评价进行了讨论,并采用穆尔哈斯(Moorhowse)和普里恰特(Prichard)提出的热辐射预测模式和爆炸冲击波预测模式对城市天然气工程进行了风险评价.结果表明,如果发生天然气泄漏并引起火灾,假设在10 min以内,城市门站、调压站和城市高中压管道的火球对建筑物和设备的严重损害范围( A 级)最远距离分别为35.8 m、18.0 m和28.7 m,爆炸冲击波严重损害范围( C1 级)分别为距事故处54.8 m、27.8 m和44.4 m.最后从城市门站、调压站选址及输气管道选线、安全防范距离、作业过程中的风险控制与管理以及事故应急对策四方面提出了风险事故的防范措施与对策.     

利用百合(Lilium davidii)根尖细胞的微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的探讨

首次报道了利用百合根尖细胞微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的可行性和优越性。实验证明,百合根尖比蚕豆根尖细胞的微核细胞率更敏感。     

滤料的脉冲清灰效果评价指标的有效性分析

研究分析了袋式除尘器脉冲喷吹清灰效果的相关评价指标的有效性问题。结果表明:同一清灰装置,滤布的压差峰值、最大反向加速度和冲量密度与清灰效果是一致的;不同的清灰装置,冲量密度与清灰效果是一致的,而压差峰值和最大反向加速度与清灰效果则不再一致。因此,同一清灰系统,压差峰值、最大反向加速度及冲量密度均可用于评价其清灰效果,而不同的清灰系统,则只能用冲量密度来评价。     

信息量模型在地质灾害调查与区划中的应用研究

以浙江省仙居县地质灾害调查与区划项目为例,在分析当地实际地质情况的基础上结合信息论原理,对仙居县进行了基于多因素分析的地质灾害预测区划。经分析计算．得出的区划结果基本符合仙居县的实际情况。故用信息量模型进行地质灾害区划是可行的。