外浮顶原油储罐VOCs排放核算参数对排放量的影响研究

依据美国环保署颁布的储罐VOCs排放量核算公式,从环境参数、原油参数和储罐结构参数3个方面对外浮顶储罐VOCs排放的影响进行了研究,其中包括了边缘密封排放挂壁排放、浮盘附件排放和浮盘着陆期间排放等几个相关排放核算数学公式。结果表明:环境风速增大,环境温度升高或太阳辐射强度提高均导致排放量增大;原油温度升高或原油周转量增加也导致排放量增加;储罐直径增加,罐漆颜色浅,或者罐壁锈蚀情况好会降低VOCs排放量。     

罕见冬季降雨中人工增雨微物理过程分析研究

用Micaps实时资料、CPAS卫星反演分析资料、NCEP再分析资料、ECMWF再分析资料,多普勒雷达PUP产品资料,对2015年12月1日夜间至2日凌晨沈阳地区罕见冬季降雨过程,进行了天气学分析、及大气微物理人工增雨作业条件分析,并结合沈阳地区人工增雨作业指标,得出本次降雨过程在厄尔尼诺正在发生的背景下,为常见的高空槽转东北冷涡型,水汽、动力等微物理作业条件也适合于开展人工增雨作业,并给出了相应的作业指导参数,为沈阳地区今后在冬季降雨天气过程中开展人工增雨作业积累了宝贵经验.     

盐城经济技术开发区污水处理厂提标改造工程设计研究

介绍了盐城经济技术开发区污水厂提标改造工程技术路线及方案.针对污水厂进水中工业废水含量较多的特点,增设水解酸化工艺段,将现状CAST池改造为AAO生物反应池,新建二沉池及混凝沉淀设施,使出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A排放标准.同时增设污泥深度脱水设施,采用化学调理+板框压滤工艺.实际运行表明,经改造后的污水处理厂对各项污染物均取得了较好的去除效果,脱水后污泥的含水率可稳定控制在60%以下.     

液化烃球罐泄漏温度场及材料适应性研究

针对高压储存的液化烃一旦发生泄漏,会迅速气化并吸热,使得球罐温度降低,严重时温度可能低于标准中允许的球罐材质最低适应温度的问题,建立球罐三维物理模型,基于CFD模拟的方法,采用雷诺时均的Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε湍流模型,分析球罐管线发生泄漏时球罐本体及周围环境的温度分布情况,探讨了不同泄漏孔径对球罐温度的影响。研究结果表明球罐发生泄漏时,球罐外部温度会明显降低,由于保温层的存在,球罐本体温度降幅不大。但在泄漏孔附近会形成较小的低温区,超过了16MnR材质的低温承受能力,存在较大的风险。     

氯化磁性凹土树脂的制备与表征研究

利用表面负载的方法将有机化磁性凹土与苯乙烯、二乙烯苯等制备磁性凹土树脂;对磁性凹土树脂进行氯甲基化改性,制备出氯化磁性凹土树脂.表征了样品的形貌、结构以及表面积,研究了树脂对天然有机物(腐殖酸)的吸附性能.结果表明:氯化后的磁性凹土树脂的比表面积是原有的1.9倍,对附腐殖酸的饱和吸附能力也从原有的41.84 mg/g提高到了51.02 mg/g,这表明改性后的树脂增强了其对腐殖酸的去除能力.     

扬州市2010年-2015年生态环境遥感监测研究

利用2010年-2015年的卫星遥感监测数据进行土地利用分类解译,并结合地面调查统计资料,依据生态环境状况评价系统,对扬州市"十二五"期间的生态环境进行动态监测和评价.结果显示:在2010年-2015年期间,扬州市各区县市生态环境状况等级为"良",保持不变;"十二五"末与"十一五"末相比,扬州市所辖市区和高邮市生态环境状况略有变差,其它3个区县市则无明显变化;扬州市级生态环境状况略有变差,生态环境状况指数降低1.11;在扬州地区,生态环境质量的变化主要与植被覆盖程度和水的丰度变化有关.     

活性污泥TB-EPS的絮凝特性研究:絮体的成长、破碎与再凝聚

为了解活性污泥中紧密结合胞外聚合物(tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances,TB-EPS)的絮凝特性,采用激光粒度仪在线监测技术考察了TB-EPS与高岭土生成絮体的过程以及絮体的破碎与再凝聚规律.结果表明,TB-EPS的主要组分为蛋白质和多糖聚合物,增加TB-EPS的投加量,絮体的粒径相应增大,悬浊液的剩余浊度降低.随着絮体破碎-再凝聚次数的增加,絮体的破碎因子升高而恢复因子降低,表明TB-EPS形成的絮体的强度逐渐降低,同时再凝聚的能力也逐渐降低.TB-EPS吸附高岭土的主要作用力为氢键作用,但在絮体形成过程中多糖聚合物之间的纠缠作用和蛋白质成分之间的疏水作用也可能发挥一定的作用.絮体的破碎是侵蚀和破裂同时作用的结果.     

Adsorption of lead on multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different outer diameters and oxygen contents: Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics

The effects of different outer diameters and surface oxygen contents on the adsorption of heavy metals onto six types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in an aqueous solution and lead was chosen as a model metal ion. The results indicated that the percentage removal and adsorption capacity of lead remarkably increased with decreasing outer diameter due to larger specific surface area (SSA). The SSA-normalized maximum adsorption capacity (qm /SSA) and SSA-normalized adsorption coefficient (Kd /SSA) were strongly positively correlated with surface oxygen content, implying that lead adsorption onto MWCNTs significantly increases with the rise of oxygen content and decreases with decreasing SSA. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption of lead on MWCNTs was endothermic and spontaneous. When the oxygen content of MWCNTs increased from 2.0% to 5.9%, the standard free energy (△ G0 ) became more negative, which implied that the oxygenated functional groups increased the adsorption affinity of MWCNTs for lead. Through calculation of enthalpy (△ H0 ), G0 and free energy of adsorption (Ea ), lead adsorption onto MWCNTs was recognized as a chemisorption process. The chemical interaction between lead and the phenolic groups of MWCNTs could be one of the main adsorption mechanisms due to highly positive correlations between the phenolic groups and K d /SSA or q m /SSA.     

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

Tolerance of Chrysantemum maximum to heavy metals: The potential for its use in the revegetation of tailings heaps

To find if ornamental plants are applicable to the remediation of metal-polluted areas, the tolerance of chrysanthemum plants (Chysanthemum maximum) var. Shasta to different metals under hydroponic conditions was studied. Their responses as influenced by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe BEG25 on substrates containing mine residues were also investigated. Our results showed that chrysanthemum is a metal-tolerant plant under hydroponic conditions, plants behaving as Pb-excluders, whereas Cd, Cu and Ni were accumulated in roots. Low accumulation in flowers was observed for Cd and Cu but it was concentration-dependent. Ni and Pb were not translocated to flowers. Shoot biomass was not significantly affected by the different rates of mine residue addition for both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants accumulated less Pb and Cu in both shoots and roots than non-mycorrhizal plants. Chysanthemum could be a prospective plant for revegetation of tailings and the use of inoculation may decrease plant metal accumulation in polluted soils.