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191.
Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 (optimum pH 3.5). The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil (used in planting trees) and rice soil (originating as red soil). The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil. 相似文献
192.
膜萃取处理水溶液中镉、锌离子的工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以P204+正庚烷为萃取剂,将中空纤维膜萃取技术用于处理水溶液中镉离子、锌离子.研究了两相流速、初始浓度及溶液pH等因素对传质系数和萃取率的影响,计算了膜萃取器的传质单元高度(HTU)w,同时还研究了萃取剂的再生问题.实验结果表明,在低浓度下(<500 mg/L),平衡分配系数较大,传质阻力主要是在水相;在初始浓度较高时(<2000mg/L),由于分配系数较小,三项传质阻力均不可忽略;在初始浓度很高时(>2000mg/L),传质由有机相和膜相阻力控制.实验还表明通过膜器串联可以实现萃取剂的再生.对于稀溶液(<200mg/L),中空纤维膜萃取可以使水溶液中金属离子浓度减小2个数量级,通过计算,中空纤维膜萃取器(HTU)w在15~30cm之间,大大低于传统的萃取塔. 相似文献
193.
致癌物苯并(a)芘[Benzo(a)Pyrene]对土壤--植物系统污染研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本报告是1973—1979年研究工作的简要总结.采用野外调查、盆钵试验、放射性示踪同位素、荧光分光光度计、人工模拟控制大气污染实验与电镜扫描照相等方法,研究了在石油污水灌溉条件下,环境中致癌物苯并(a)芘(B(a)P)对水稻可食部分的影响.其结果是:①土壤表层(0—15cm)B(a)P含量在<10—500ppb范围内,污水与清水灌区栽培水稻精白米中B(a)P的含量无显著差异;②水稻各部分的B(a)P来自大气污染、水——土壤污染以及水稻本身生物合成.B(a)P在水稻体内的分配次序为:根系≥茎叶>皮壳≥籽实,水稻精白米中B(a)P含量约0.18ppb;③在自然条件下,水稻的外来B(a)P污染源主要是大气飘尘,而水——土壤是次要的. 相似文献
194.
氯化三丁基锡(TBTCL)对小鼠外周血T-淋巴细胞与脾指数的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从免疫毒理学角度研究氯化三丁基锡(TBTCL)对小鼠免疫系统影响。进行了0.01~0.20μg/kgTBTCL腹腔注射对小鼠外周血T-淋巴细胞与脾指数影响的实验,采用外周血液淋巴细胞酸性α-醋酸奈酯酶(ANAE)检测法,并观察小鼠体重和脾重变化情况。结果表明,0.01~0.10μg/kgTBTCL增加T-淋巴细胞数、体重和脾重;脾指数也有一定程度的提高。在0.13~0.20μg/kgTBTCL作用5d,各指标则呈现不同程度的下降趋势,说明不同剂量TBTCL对免疫系统有促进或抑制作用。实验对临床免疫病症提供了创造新的诊断方法的可能性,但是TBTCL对免疫增加或抑制作用的分子机理有待于深入研究。 相似文献
195.
196.
197.
Guocheng Hu Xiaojun Luo Fengchao Li Jiayin Dai Jianyang Guo Shejun Chen Cao Hong Bixian Mai Muqi Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):176-183
Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact. 相似文献
198.
199.
Yitao Pan Xiaoyang Wang Leo W.Y. Yeung Nan Sheng Qianqian Cui Ruina Cui Hongxia Zhang Jiayin Dai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(11):14-23
Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC, a product of methylated DNA). In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP)/(kg·day) via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate(Mi BP, the urinary metabolite) and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5hmdC) were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme(P450scc) gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates. 相似文献
200.
长江口悬浮固体中重金属元素的形态研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
研究了长江口水体中微量金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd,在固-液两相中的分配,以及在悬浮固体中的形态分布。结果表明,元素Cu、Pb、Zn有90%左右存在于悬浮固体中,并以固态形式输入河口,溶解态仅占10%左右;元素Cd固态部分约占35%,溶解态占优势。在悬浮固体中,元素Cu、Pb、Zn主要以残留态和铁锰结合态形式存在,这两种形态的比例,Cu为40%和29%,Pb各占40%,Zn为37%和38%。元素 相似文献