全文获取类型
收费全文 | 41235篇 |
免费 | 711篇 |
国内免费 | 3891篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1625篇 |
废物处理 | 1821篇 |
环保管理 | 5069篇 |
综合类 | 10144篇 |
基础理论 | 10638篇 |
环境理论 | 25篇 |
污染及防治 | 11940篇 |
评价与监测 | 2293篇 |
社会与环境 | 1683篇 |
灾害及防治 | 599篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 273篇 |
2022年 | 693篇 |
2021年 | 603篇 |
2020年 | 452篇 |
2019年 | 506篇 |
2018年 | 796篇 |
2017年 | 870篇 |
2016年 | 1013篇 |
2015年 | 1084篇 |
2014年 | 1528篇 |
2013年 | 3347篇 |
2012年 | 1788篇 |
2011年 | 2252篇 |
2010年 | 1794篇 |
2009年 | 1782篇 |
2008年 | 2076篇 |
2007年 | 2008篇 |
2006年 | 1759篇 |
2005年 | 1444篇 |
2004年 | 1344篇 |
2003年 | 1369篇 |
2002年 | 1296篇 |
2001年 | 1619篇 |
2000年 | 1208篇 |
1999年 | 839篇 |
1998年 | 700篇 |
1997年 | 705篇 |
1996年 | 692篇 |
1995年 | 684篇 |
1994年 | 586篇 |
1993年 | 553篇 |
1992年 | 540篇 |
1991年 | 470篇 |
1990年 | 450篇 |
1989年 | 459篇 |
1988年 | 387篇 |
1987年 | 325篇 |
1986年 | 305篇 |
1985年 | 325篇 |
1984年 | 311篇 |
1983年 | 347篇 |
1982年 | 345篇 |
1981年 | 291篇 |
1980年 | 253篇 |
1979年 | 281篇 |
1978年 | 235篇 |
1977年 | 202篇 |
1976年 | 205篇 |
1975年 | 203篇 |
1972年 | 204篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 294 毫秒
671.
672.
In Acromyrmex octospinosus leaf-cutting ants the metapleural glands produce an array of antibiotic compounds that serve as a general defence against unwanted microbes on the cuticle. Leaf-cutting ants also grow mutualistic Pseudonocardiaceae bacteria on their cuticle that produce antibiotics controlling a microfungal parasite of their fungus gardens. Interaction between this bacterium and gland secretion therefore seems unavoidable. We document the typical development of bacterial growth on the cuticle of young major workers, show that growth starts a few days after eclosion, and that the maximal cover is reached after 2–3 weeks and gradually declines when workers mature. Experimental closure of the metapleural glands had no effect on the initial exponential growth phase of the bacterium, but significantly reduced the cover during the decline phase. The age-dependent abundance of the bacterium and its partial dependence on metapleural gland secretion support the hypothesis that the abundance of this mutualist is actively regulated. 相似文献
673.
With the advent of more stringent controls on wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production in Europe and many parts of the world is increasing. With this increase comes the problem of sludge disposal, and recycling to land arguably offers an economically and environmentally sustainable option. However, a major limitation of sewage sludge reuse is the potential release of heavy metals from the sludge and heavy metal accumulation to toxic levels in topsoils. The properties of the sludge play a crucial role in determining the initial release and subsequent availability of heavy metals in amended soils. Bioavailable forms of heavy metals in recently amended soils are most likely to be those that are bioavailable in the sewage sludge. In this paper, published research on the importance of sewage sludge characteristics on metal release and bioavailability will be reviewed and contrasted with original research. A selection of sludges from around Australia has been collected for this purpose. Through the use of incubation studies, isotope dilution techniques, ion-selective electrode measurements and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, the importance of a range of sludge properties on heavy metal behaviour in sludges and sludge-amended soils is addressed. 相似文献
674.
R Burt M.A WilsonT.J Keck B.D Dougherty D.E StromJ.A Lindahl 《Advances in Environmental Research》2003,8(1):51-67
Long-term copper smelting in the Anaconda and Deer Lodge Valley area of Montana has resulted in an extensive area of trace element contamination. Aerial extent of contamination is generally established, but total analysis of soils does not correlate to relative degree of impact on vegetation growth. Three pedons (Beaverell, Cetrack and Judco) were analyzed by routine soil characterization methods, aqua regia microwave digestion, sequential chemical extraction, and X-ray diffraction analysis with the objective of providing a better understanding of chemical forms and potential reactivity of selected trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb). Surface horizons of soils are more acidic than subsoils, with pH for all horizons ranging from 4.0 to 8.7. Beaverell is the most contaminated in the upper 20 cm with the sum of total extractable (SUMTE) trace elements by microwave digestion ranging from 1836 to 3605 mg kg−1, largest H2O-soluble (WS) and exchangeable (EX) fractions (e.g. 1.6 and 9.3%, respectively), and smallest residual (RES) fraction (e.g. 14.3%). Cetrack has greater SUMTE elements than Judco, though a lower WS+EX fraction due to the effects of alkaline pH, carbonates and high P. Oxide (OX), organic matter/sulfide (OM/S), and RES fractions predominate over WS, EX, and specially-sorbed/carbonate-bound fractions (SS/CAR) for all horizons. Copper, Zn, Pb and Cd are elevated in surface over subsurface horizons in these latter fractions, indicating these elements were anthropogenic additions. X-ray data indicate that Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd partially exists as both OX and sulfide mineral forms. 相似文献
675.
Gamergates (i.e. mated reproductive workers) are mostly known from ant species within the Ponerinae. We report here the discovery of gamergates in two species of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Until now, mated reproductive females in colonies of myrmicine species have been considered morphologically distinct from the worker caste. However, in two species of the myrmicine Metapone (Metapone madagascarica and a newly discovered, not yet described Metapone species) all workers have six ovarioles and a spermatheca; and some of them are mated. There are no morphological differences between mated and non-mated workers. Field observations and laboratory studies indicate that colonies of the Metapone species can reproduce with gamergates only. 相似文献
676.
677.
当前中国经济快速增长很大程度是以过度消耗资源、牺牲环境为代价的.生态环境污染严重影响经济的可持续发展,生态问题制约着和谐社会的构建.生态建设已成为协调经济、社会和生态发展,走可持续发展的唯一出路.当前由于政府主导型生态建设出现众多问题,诸如生态环境脆弱、压力大,法律法规不完善,生态建设资金投入少、投入渠道单一,生态治理工程效益有待继续提高等等.因此,倡导企业、农民、专家、投资者和志愿组织、社会团体等积极参与到生态建设中来,并建立激励机制对各参与者实施相应的激励措施,使他们充分发挥能动性,更快、更好的进行生态建设. 相似文献
678.
北京市二个主要工业区汞污染及其来源的初步研究 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17
为了调查北京市汞污染状况及其来源,选择二个主要工业区石景山区和朝阳区为研究对象.共采集表层土壤26个,剖面样品4个,对照土壤样品4个,并且在冬季采集降雪样品和枯叶样品,分析汞含量.结果表明,燃煤烟尘排放的汞是北京市汞的主要来源,汽车尾气和化工厂泄漏可使局部汞含量增高,表层土壤中汞含量为007—275mg/kg.土壤剖面中的汞含量在0—100cm土层中均较高,其含量与土壤有机质和碳酸盐含量正相关.降雪中汞在07—37mg/L之间,明显高于背景值,其中大部分吸附在颗粒物上.枯叶中汞主要是从土壤吸收,并且有可能被雨水淋溶出来. 相似文献
679.
680.
J. Caspar Rüegg 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1998,85(12):575-582
2+ concentrations tropomyosin is located at the edge of the thin filament, thereby interfering with the formation of strong
actin-myosin linkages (blocked state). An increase in Ca2+ activity causes an azimuthal shift of tropomyosin around the filament (by about 30°), thereby increasing the probability
of low-force crossbridge interaction, a process which by cooperative effects induces further tropomyosin movement (by an additional
10°) which results in the open state of the filament characterized by forceful crossbridge interaction. (This mechanism may
be analogous to that in ligand-gated ion channels, where ligand binding increases the open probability of the pore.) The extent
of activation then depends on the free Ca2+ concentration and on the calcium sensitivity of the thin filament that may be affected by protein phosphorylation, crossbridge
attachment, the troponin isoform composition of the filament, and novel calcium-sensitizing drugs that act on the contractile
or regulatory proteins and thus increase the force of the heart. 相似文献