某铁路隧道空气细菌污染调查

通过对某双线电气化铁路隧道内空气细菌污染状况的调查,结果表明,隧道内空气不同程度地受到细菌污染,其细菌数与隧道深度有较强的正相关性,与湿度也有一定的正相关性,与温度(23℃～36℃)有一定的负相关性。指出,隧道内无阳光照射,气温变化小,空气流动性差,阴暗潮湿的环境有利于微生物生长繁殖,并可能影响隧道内作业工人、列车司乘人员和旅客的身体健康。     

析因试验设计在环境污染物联合毒性研究中的应用

结合当前化学污染物联合毒性评价方法及析因试验应用现状,从试验设汁方法及统计学角度,论证析因试验在研究环境化学污染物联合毒性,特别是在2种化合物联合毒性研究中应用的优势及其可行性。     

固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的重金属元素

研究了用固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中痕量重金属镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的方法。环境水样中的镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞用四 -(对二甲氨基苯基 ) -卟啉 (T4 -DMAPP)柱前衍生 ,用C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的T4 -DMAPP络合物 ,富集倍数为 1 0 0倍 ,然后用甲醇和四氢呋喃梯度洗脱为流动相 ,WatersXter raTMRP18( 3 9mm× 1 5 0mm)色谱柱为固定相分离 ,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的检测限分别为3、2、4、3、1 5ng/L和 3ng/L。方法相对标准偏差为 1 8%— 3 2 % ,标准回收率为 92 %— 1 0 7%。该方法用于测定环境水样中的痕量重金属 ,结果令人满意     

Evolution on qualities of leachate and landfill gas in the semi-aerobic landfill

To study the characteristics of stabilization in semi-aerobic landfill, large-scale simulated landfill was constructed based on the semiaerobic landfill theory. Consequently, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, and the pH value in leachate, as well as the component contents of landfill gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) in landfill were regularly monitored for 52 weeks. The results showed that COD and ammonia concentrations declined rapidly and did not show the accumulating rule like anaerobic landfill, and remained at about 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, after 48 weeks. Meanwhile, the descending rate reached 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased rapidly after 24 weeks and fluctuated between 220–280 mg/L after 43 weeks. The pH values were below 7 during the first 8 weeks and after that leachates appeared to be alkaline. Carbon dioxide was the main composition in landfill gas and its concentration remained at a high level through the whole stabilization process. The average contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane varied between 19 vol.%–28 vol.%, 2 vol.%–8 vol.%, and 5 vol.%–13 vol.%, respectively. A relative equilibrium was reached after 48 weeks. The highest temperature in the landfill chamber could amount to 75.8 degrees centigrade.     

华北地区部分河流中典型抗生素的分布特征及来源分析

以子牙河、滏阳河和永定河流经的农村周边水环境为研究区,应用迭代目标转换因子紫外分光光度分析法检测水环境中四环类、氯霉素类和硫酸链霉素含量,并分析其分布特征及可能的影响因素和来源。结果表明,研究区3类抗生素均有检出,四环类、氯霉素类和硫酸链霉素最高检出值分别为9.26 μg/L、1.98 μg/L和1.29 μg/L,四环类抗生素污染较严重。研究区抗生素分布特征与区域内社会活动、畜牧业养殖发展、化工企业分布存在一定联系,生活污水、养殖废水和制药化工企业废水排放是3类抗生素污染的主要来源。     

填充吸附微萃取-高效液相色谱法检测水中3种肼类

建立了基于填充吸附微萃取-液相色谱法检测水中肼、甲肼和偏二甲肼的方法。对影响方法效果的重要参数（如填充吸附微萃取的萃取材料、萃取循环次数和萃取速度、洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积、样品pH等）均进行了测试和优化。明确最优条件为先将样品pH调节为3.5,用HLB作为萃取材料,以15 μL/s的速度进行15次重复萃取,用100 μL含0.2%乙酸的乙腈进行洗脱。3种目标物在3 min内分离良好,并在10~500 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数范围为0.997 8~0.999 1,检出限范围为2.0~5.0 μg/L。在10、50、100 μg/L 3个浓度水平加标实验中,3种肼类的平均回收率为76.7%~96.5%,日内相对标准偏差为5.6%~9.1%,日间相对标准偏差为8.5%~16.7%。该方法能够满足水体中3种肼类物质的快速测定要求。     

混凝-水解-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理印染废水

采用混凝-水解酸化-接触氧化-气浮工艺,处理印染废水,运行结果表明：对CODcr SS、色度的去除率分别为91．5％、92％、90％,出水达到《纺织染整工业水污染排放标准》（GB4287—92）的一级标准。     

环保档案管理信息化初探

浅述了环保档案信息化建设的现状及存在的问题,提出了加强环保档案管理信息化建设的对策与建议。     

Nitrogen removal performance of municipal reverse osmosis concentrate with low C/N ratio by membrane-aerated biofilm reactor

A membrane-aerated biofilm reactor was employed to investigate the nitrogen removal of one typical municipal reverse osmosis(RO) concentrate with a high total nitrogen (TN) concentration and a low C/ N ratio. The effects of operational conditions, including the aeration pressure, the hydraulic retention time and the C/N ratio, on the systematic performance were evaluated. The nitrogen removal mechanism was evaluated by monitoring the effluent concentrations of nitrogen contents. Furthermore, the microbial tolerance with elevated salinity was identified. The results indicated that the optimal TN removal efficiency of 79.2% was achieved of the aeration pressure of 0.02 MPa, hydraulic retention time of 24 h, and the C/N ratio of 5.8, respectively. It is essential to supplement the carbon source for the targeted RO concentrate to promote the denitrification process. The inhibitory effect of salinity on denitrifying bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria was significant, revealing the limited TN removal capacity of the conditions in this work. The TN removal efficiency remained more than 70% with the addition of salt (NaCl) amount below 20 g/L. This work preliminarily demonstrated the MABR feasibility for the nitrogen removal of municipal RO concentrate with low C/N ratio and provided technical guidance for further scale-up application.

Open image in new window

     

长三角城市群污染输送相互影响的敏感性试验

利用WRF-Chem模式,对2013年11月29日至12月11日长江三角洲地区的严重空气污染事件进行数值模拟,研究长三角核心区不同污染物本地源和外来输送所占比重。分析长三角核心区排放源对本地不同污染物浓度的污染贡献。结果表明,在2013年12月的这一次污染事件中,颗粒物平均本地贡献与外来输送基本比重相当;而SO_2、CO、NH_3、NO_x这4种气体污染物则以本地贡献为主,本地贡献的差异与气体的化学反应活性有关,活性越强本地贡献比重越大。污染过程中12月7日至12月9日00:00为污染最严重的时段,污染物的本地贡献有明显上升。区域间输送的方向和强度与地面风向、风速有紧密的联系。在边界层高度范围内,大部分污染物越往高空本地排放源的贡献越弱,外来输送主导作用增强,而硝酸盐在地面、1 km和1.5 km的本地贡献差异远小于其他污染物。