REACH授权对我国危险化学品使用许可的借鉴

介绍了欧盟REACH法规中对授权的基本规定,包括需授权物质组成和给予授权的基本条件,并重点阐述了需授权物质的确定流程。概述了我国危险化学品使用许可制度的基本现状,参照REACH授权,提出了我国危险化学品使用许可建议。     

Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.     

特大城市交通承载力定量模型的建立与应用

基于"机动车在驶量"构建了由路网资源、燃油供给和大气环境3个模块组成的交通承载力宏观定量模型.并选择北京市城区作为案例验证模型.结果显示,该模型能够较好的反映资源、环境与交通之间的关系.北京市城区交通承载力在2005年出行比率和平均时速23km·h-1条件下为45.35×104辆,其中轿车为29.73 × 104辆,北京市交通发展面对的直接压力是机动车在驶量偏高.     

农业非点源污染研究综述

针对农业非点源污染的研究现状,综述了非点源污染的定义、特征、污染现状以及危害,并介绍了国内外学者在非点源污染研究的技术方法方面的进展,指出利用与RS、GIS的紧密结合来建立基础信息数据库,对非点源污染过程进行模拟是进行非点源污染研究必然的发展趋势,并简单介绍了两个在国内外应用较广泛的非点源污染模型AnnAGNPS和SWAT模型,最后讨论了利用模型模拟非点源污染过程的优势。     

石龙芮与酸模处理生活污水实验研究

运用无土栽培技术,通过石龙芮和酸模对生活污水的降解实验,对两种植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了实验分析。实验表明两种植物对污水中的营养元素都具有较好的去除,N、P元素的最终去除率都能达到80％,石龙芮对COD的去除达到45％左右,而酸模对COD的去除可达50％。相对于单一植物系统来说,石龙芮一酸模复合植物系统可对生活污水中的P元素和COD的去除更高。研究表明石龙芮和酸模都可以作为人工湿地植物,用来处理生活污水,而两种植物都具有耐寒性,可以提高人工湿地在冬季的运行效率。     

Isolation of a Pseudomonas Stutzeri strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl₂ method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(4): 385–388 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

昆明市松华坝水源区人口与生态环境问题研究

松华坝水源区是昆明市重要的优质饮用水源地,是昆明市人民生活及工农业生产的主要水源。近几年来,随着水源区人口增加,水源区水质与生态环境状况不断恶化,人地矛盾日益突出。分析了目前松华坝水源区水质现状与存在的主要生态环境问题,浅析了水源区生态环境问题形成的主要原因,分析了松华坝水源区生态环境与人口发展的关系,预测了水源区人口的发展趋势与水源区污染物的排放趋势,提出了水源区生态保护的具体措施与相应的人口政策。     

微电解＋Fenton试剂预处理染料废水工程实例研究

采用微电解＋Fenton试剂预处理是有效地解决染料废水不可生化性和色度的一种简单方便技术。通过工程实践证明,采用微电解＋Fenton预处理染料废水能够提高其可生化性,降低色度,联用传统的生化处理技术,处理后的染料废水能够实现达标排放,污染物COD的平均去除率达97%以上。该工艺处理系统运行2年,效果明显、稳定可靠。     

主成分分析法在水质评价中的应用及分析

针对主成分分析能够从众多因子中筛选出主要成分,对数据结构进行简化,为后续工作筛选主要因子提供依据等优点,分别介绍了主成分分析法的原理和步骤,并将其应用于水质评价中。以淮河安徽段干流的十一个断面为例,选取了八个因子进行分析研究。结果表明：对涉及因子较多,且因子间相关性相对较大的水质进行评价时主成分分析法是一种有效的方法。