耐高温防腐涂料的研制

采用分子量适中的环氧树脂对反应性有机硅低聚物进行共聚改性,充分利用有机硅树脂的耐高温性和环氧树脂的防腐性及高附着力。以此共聚物为成膜物,再采用合适的固化剂,添加适当的颜填料配成涂料。结果表明,在与适当的底漆配合使用下,该涂料具有优异的耐高温性及防腐蚀性能。     

我国水稻生产中不同类型技术要素投入的时空变化及门限效应分析

基于1978～2016年我国大陆30个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,分析了我国水稻生产中的农业机械技术要素投入和农业灌溉技术要素投入的时空变化,采用面板门限回归模型,实证分析了两类技术对我国水稻生产的影响.结果 表明:农业机械技术要素投入增幅大于农业灌溉技术要素投入,且二者均增加的省份主要位于北方,其中东北增幅最大,减少的省份主要位于南方,其中华南降幅最大;农业机械技术要素投入和农业灌溉技术要素投入对我国水稻生产的影响均具有相同的双门限效应,门限值为1981和1989年,但两类技术影响水稻生产的演进路径不尽相同,农业机械技术要素投入经历了从最初与水稻生产实际不匹配而导致过剩到对水稻增产作用逐渐增强的阶段,而农业灌溉技术要素投入对水稻产量的影响一直是正向且影响程度不断增强.因此,差异化实施农业生产技术要素发展政策,是提高农业技术效用水平、保障国家粮食安全的重要途径.     

Location and Characterization of Emission Sources for Airborne Volatile Organic Compounds Inside a Refinery in Taiwan

This study aimed to locate VOC emission sources and characterized their emitted VOCs. To avoid interferences from vehicle exhaust, all sampling sites were positioned inside the refinery. Samples, taken with canisters, were analyzed by GC–MS according to TO-14 method. The survey period extended from Febrary 2004 to December 2004, sampling twice per season. To interpret a large number of VOC data was a rather difficult task. This study featured using ordinary application software, Excel and Surfer, instead of expensive one like GIS, to overcome it. Consolidating data into a database on Excel facilitated retrieval, statistical analysis and presentation in the form of either table or graph. The cross analysis of the data suggested that the abundant VOCs were alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cyclic HCs. Emission sources were located by mapping the concentration distribution of these four types of VOCs in terms of contour maps on Surfer. During eight surveys, five emission sources were located and their VOCs were characterized.     

Land-cover changes in an urban lake watershed in a mega-city, Central China

Urbanization can exert a profound influence on land covers and landscape characteristics. In this study, we characterize the impact of urbanization on land cover and lacustrine landscape and their consequences in a large urban lake watershed, Donghu Lake watershed (the largest urban lake in China), Central China, by using Landsat TM satellite images of three periods of 1987, 1993 and 1999 and ground-based information. We grouped the land covers into six categories: water body, vegetable land, forested land, shrub-grass land, open area and urban land, and calculated patch-related landscape indices to analyze the effects of urbanization on landscape features. We overlaid the land cover maps of the three periods to track the land cover change processes. The results indicated that urban land continuously expanded from 9.1% of the total watershed area in 1987, to 19.4% in 1993, and to 29.6% in 1999. The vegetable land increased from 7.0% in 1987, 11.9% in 1993, to 13.9% in 1999 to sustain the demands of vegetable for increased urban population. Concurrently, continuous reduction of other land cover types occurred between 1987 and 1999: water body decreased from 30.4% to 23.8%, and forested land from 33.6% to 24.3%. We found that the expansion of urban land has at least in part caused a decrease in relatively wild habitats, such as urban forest and lake water area. These alterations had resulted in significant negative environmental consequences, including decline of lakes, deterioration of water and air quality, and loss of biodiversity.     

Changes of Land Use and of Ecosystem Service Values in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Agricultural activities, especially reclamation, are considered major threats to the wetland ecosystems in Sanjiang Plain, the largest concentrated area of the freshwater wetlands in China. In the past decades, the area of the cultivated land and its grain production have been increased at the cost of wetlands shrinkage. The large-scale land reclamation severely affected the ecosystems in this region. However, such effects at the regional scale are seldom evaluated quantitatively. We used three datasets of LANDSAT MSS and/or TM imagery to estimate the area changes and the transition of land use types from 1980 to 2000. We also valued changes in ecosystem services delivered by each land category using value coefficients published by Costanza et al. [Nature 387, 1997, 253–260]. Sensitivity analysis suggested that these estimates were relatively robust. Finally, the contribution of various ecosystem functions was ranked to the overall value of the ecosystem services in this study. According to our estimates, the total annual ecosystem service values in Sanjiang Plain have declined by about 40% between 1980 and 2000 ($156284–182572.18 million in total over 20 years). This substantial decline is largely attributed to the 53.4% loss of wetlands. For individual ecosystem functions, waste treatment, water supply and disturbance regulation account for more than 60% to the total ecological values. During those two decades, the contribution of disturbance regulation, cultural and recreation decreased, while the contribution of water regulation, nutrient cycling, food production, raw materials and climate regulation increased during the same period. We also put forward a few proposals concerning the future land use policy formulation and sustainable ecosystems. They are adjusting the ‘food first’ agricultural policy, establishing more nature reserves for wetlands, creating systems for the rational use of water, harnessing the degraded cultivated land and encouraging eco-tourism.     

The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China

The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs.     

邯郸市SO2排放总量控制研究

本研究以ＳＯ２长期日平均浓度为控制标准,将邯郸市区划分为工业区,文化区３个功能区,利用生成城市大池数矩阵和分担率的ＬＥＥＣＭ－ＩＩ通用程序评价邯郸市大气污染现状,在此基础上进行了大气污染物ＳＯ２排放总量控制研究。给出了邯郸市的基础削减量,平权削减量,优化削减量,分析了污染治理的投资成本。研究表明ＬＥＥＣＭ－ＩＩ程序为大气污染总量控制提供了一个方便实用的计算工具,便于中涉城市推广总量控制工作。     

珠江水系广州河段水体中有机污染物的GC/ITD/COM联用法分析

本文报导了珠江广州河段水体中有机污染物的GC/ITD/COM联用法全分析。110升水样被XAD-2树脂柱富集,用有机溶剂洗脱,并浓缩至1ml。浓缩的提取液注入GC/ITD,鉴别了272个化合物,14种是美国环保局规定的优先考虑污染物。根据有效碳数计算校正因子,定量了216个化合物,某浓度范围为0.01～46μg/l。文中也提出了31优先考虑有机污染物的候选名单。      

海水中二甲基硫含量与海洋环境因子间关系的研究

以青岛尚岸海水为典型水域,设８个采样点于１９９６－０３、１９９６－０５和１９９６－１０进行了３次ＤＭＳ与海洋环境因子的监测,研究青岛尚岸海水海洋因子的特点及海水中ＤＭＳ浓度与浮游物种和海洋环境因子的关系,结果表明,海洋浮游植物生成ＤＭＳ的生物机理较为复杂,青岛沿岸海水中ＤＭＳ含量与叶绿素α２及海洋环境因子无明确的相关关系,浮游植物和海洋环境因子复杂的时空变化为研究海洋排放ＤＭＳ带来了很大的不确定性     

水力负荷对生物陶粒反应器运行的影响

不力负荷较低是影响生物陶粒反应器在实际中运用推广的重要因素之一。本实验研究了不同水力负荷条件下生物陶粒反应器对进水中有机物,氨氮及其它污染物的去除效果。结果表明,不同水力负荷对生物陶粒反应器处理效果没有影响,对ＯＣ,氨氮,ＵＶ２５４,色度和浊度去除率分别为２０％,９０％,３０％,３８％,７６％。