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671.
蒙特卡洛模拟方法在苯致癌风险评价中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在将PBPK模型与剂量-反应的多阶模型相结合用于苯职业暴露的致癌风险评价研究的基础上,首先利用Euler数值解法,借助Excel电子表格对模型进行求解;然后针对风险评价中存在的不确定性,采用Crystal ball软件的蒙特卡洛模拟方法对致癌风险进行概率分布规律研究;通过实地收集数据,使用该方法对某涂料生产项目进行苯暴露致癌风险定量分析.理论分析和实地验证表明,该方法计算出的风险值符合实际发病情况.该方法可以定量评估对人体有害的职业暴露危险源,提供工人致癌风险的概率数据. 相似文献
672.
Lei Kang Qing-Mei Wang Qi-Shuang He Wei He Wen-Xiu Liu Xiang-Zhen Kong Bin Yang Chen Yang Yu-Jiao Jiang Fu-Liu Xu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(11):10393-10405
The residual levels of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the surface and two core sediments from Lake Chaohu were measured with a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The temporal–spatial distributions, compositions of PAEs, and their effecting factors were investigated. The results indicated that di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were three dominant PAE components in both the surface and core sediments. The residual level of total detected PAEs (∑PAEs) in the surface sediments (2.146?±?2.255 μg/g dw) was lower than that in the western core sediments (10.615?±?9.733 μg/g) and in the eastern core sediments (5.109?±?4.741 μg/g). The average content of ∑PAEs in the surface sediments from the inflow rivers (4.128?±?1.738 μg/g dw) was an order of magnitude higher than those from the lake (0.323?±?0.093 μg/g dw), and there were similar PAE compositions between the lake and inflow rivers. This finding means that there were important effects of PAE input from the inflow rivers on the compositions and distributions of PAEs in the surface sediments. An increasing trend was found for the residual levels of ΣPAEs, DnBP, and DIBP from the bottom to the surface in both the western and eastern core sediments. Increasing PAE usage with the population growth, urbanization, and industrial and agricultural development in Lake Chaohu watershed would result in the increasing production of PAEs and their resulting presence in the sediments. The significant positive relationships were also found between the PAE contents and the percentage of sand particles, as well as TOC contents in the sediment cores. 相似文献
673.
674.
采集太原市城北和城南区域环境空气和5类污染源挥发性有机物样品,测定样品中典型单环芳烃稳定氢同位素（δD）组成,基于同位素质量平衡原理计算单环芳烃从源到环境空气受体的δD初始混合值,探讨单环芳烃来源.结果表明,柴油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、汽油挥发源（97#）、汽油挥发源（95#）、机动车尾气（97#）、机动车尾气（95#）和民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD范围依次为:（-138.7‰～-115.5‰）、（-147.0‰～-121.0‰）、（-150.8‰～-117.6‰）、（-131.8‰～-113.8‰）、（-171.2‰～-120.0‰）、（-138.9‰～-102.7‰）和（-168.3‰～-142.3‰）,民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD显著贫重氢同位素（D）组成,机动车尾气源与汽油挥发源中苯的δD相比显著贫D,可用于探索污染物转化过程;城北和城南环境空气中δD范围为（-131.7‰～-115.1‰）和（-131.9‰～-74.9‰）,δD初始混合值为-138.4‰和-173.9‰,体现了其来源差异. 相似文献
675.
Two parallel membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated under different calcium dosages (168.5, 27 mg/L) to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of retarding membrane fouling by adding calcium. The results showed that the particle size of sludge flocs increased and the particle size distribution tended to be narrow at the optimum dosage (168.5 mg/L). Calcium was effective in decreasing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) in microbial flocs and soluble microbial products (SMP) in the supernatant at the dosage of 168.5 mg/L by strengthening the neutralization and bridging of EPS with flocs. Furthermore, the amount of CODS and CODC decreased in both the mixed liquor and the fouling cake layer on the membrane surface. In order to compare the filtration characteristics of cake layers from the MBRs with the two calcium dosages, the specific cake resistance and the compressibility coefficient were measured. The specific cake resistance from the MBR with optimum dosage (168.5 mg/L) was distinctly lower than that with low dosage (27 mg/L). The compressibility coefficient of the cake layers under two dosages were respectively attained as 0.65, 0.91. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-dimensional confocal scanning laser microscope analysis (CLSM) images were utilized to observe the gel layer directly. 相似文献
676.
ＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＶａｌｌｅｙｆｌｏｏｄａｎｄｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ：ｓｐａｔｉａｌ－ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅａｒｌｙ－ｗａｒｎｉｎｇＧａｏＬｉｎ,ＳｈａＷａｎｙｉｎｇ,ＬｉｕＨｕａｉｑｕａｎ,... 相似文献
677.
在低NOx浓度条件下开展甲苯和异戊二烯复合体系的烟雾箱模拟实验,使用高时间分辨率的在线质子转移反应飞行时间质谱(PTR-TOF-MS)实时监测混合体系中反应物与产物的浓度变化情况,探究人为源与天然源交汇过程中, 自然源挥发性有机物 (BVOCs)对人为挥发性有机物(AVOCs)化学降解的影响.结果表明,异戊二烯与甲苯竞争OH自由基,从而抑制了甲苯的化学降解,该竞争反应开始得越早,抑制效果越显著.研究还发现异戊二烯会增强甲苯RO2降解途径产物的产量,生成更多1,4不饱和-二羰基化合物(如丁烯二醛和甲基丁烯二醛)与二羰基化合物(如乙二醛和甲基乙二醛),其中甲基丁烯二醛增量最高可达38.6%.此外,异戊二烯快速氧化生成的RO2自由基碳数更少,可能与甲苯氧化生成的RO2自由基发生了快速的交叉反应,有利于甲苯RO自由基的生成及裂解,最终导致甲苯RO2途径裂解产物的增加. 相似文献
678.
污染物的微生物毒性检验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从文献报导的１０几种污染物毒性试验方法中，选择了脱氢酶活性、Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｏｘ毒性、微生物呼吸率、以及降解动力学等４种方法，系统地比较，研究了其表示污染物对微生物的毒性效应的灵敏性，准确性，可靠性和实用性，研究结果应用于焦化废水、染化废水与黄浦江水样的检验表明，ＭＴＸ方法能最好地反映污染物的微生物毒性，且操作简便，费时少，数据的解释也最为方便。 相似文献
679.
Yang G 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(8):898-907
Iron pentacarbonyl was added to a cocentric diffusion burner flame burning a mixture of acetylene and ethylene in a co-flowing stream of air. Samples of aerosols and gaseous species were collected within the flames and above the flames with filters and a sampling bottle, and soot volume fraction through the flame was calculated with laser light extinction measurements. Aerosol was isokinetically collected in the inhalation chamber to measure particle concentration and size distribution. Laser extinction measurement showed that iron (Fe) gave an effect on soot formation process and scanning electron microscopy of the aerosol sample showed that soot particle size for the Fe-doped flame was relatively smaller than that of non-Fe-doped flame. Transmission electron microscopy results indicated that Fe species were separated from the soot at the downstream flame. Particles of the soot and Fe mixture could be generated continuously, and the concentration was kept constant under a given experimental condition using the cocentric diffusion flame burner. The mass loading variation for each target concentration (i.e., 100, 200, and 400 microg/m3) in the inhalation chamber was less than +/-5% during 10 hr. This particle-generating burner system could be used effectively for a bioassay test to evaluate risk 相似文献
680.
XPS and NMR analyze the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris subcells and its detoxification
Chen Qiu-yu Yang Liu Liu Lei Li Xuan-xuan Li Hai-dong Zhang Qian Cao De-ju 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(38):57490-57501
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris (L.) (C. rupestris) were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and... 相似文献