Can the byssus of green-lipped mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus) from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia be a biomonitoring organ for Cd,Pb and Zn? Field and laboratory studies

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in total soft tissues (ST) and byssus (BYS) of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis from 11 different geographical locations off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were determined. The metal concentrations distributed between the BYS and ST were compared. The results of this study indicated that higher levels of Cd (1.31 microg/g), Pb (38.49 microg/g) and Zn (206.52 microg/g) were accumulated in the BYS than in the total ST (Cd: 0.29 microg/g; Pb: 8.27 microg/g; Zn: 102.6 microg/g). Semi-static and short period controlled laboratory experiments were also conducted for the accumulation and depuration of Cd, Pb and Zn in the total ST and BYS of P. viridis. The ratios (BYS/ST) for Pb and Cd from the laboratory experiments showed that the total ST accumulated more metals than the BYS. Therefore, these laboratory results disagreed with those found for the field samples. However, the laboratory results for the Zn ratio (BYS/ST) agreed with those of the field samples. It was evident that when compared to the ST, the BYS was a more sensitive biomonitoring organ for Zn while it could be a complementary organ for Cd and Pb in the total ST. Since total ST of P. viridis had been reported to have regulative mechanism for Zn, its BYS can be used as a biomonitoring organ for the identification of coastal areas exposed to Zn pollution.     

城市公共安全规划模式的研究

在分析城市公共安全规划的意义及其理论的基础上 ,笔者提出了城市公共安全规划的基本模式。所研究的主要内容包括 :城市公共安全规划目标及可行性分析、信息采集与现状调查、风险评价与预测、风险区划和专项规划、规划方案的设计与优化、规划方案的决策与审批、规划方案的实施等。     

硫酸盐还原菌对不同钢材的腐蚀及缓蚀作用

采用静态失重法测定了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对A3、N80、K0-95三种钢材的腐蚀速度。用不同浓度的1227杀菌剂对上述三种钢材的杀菌效果和缓蚀作用实验结果表明,在相同的介质中,不同材质钢的腐蚀速度差别很大,三种钢材的腐蚀速度由大到小依次为:K0-95,N80,A3。杀菌剂1227对各种材质钢的缓蚀效果也不相同,由大到小依次为:K0-95,N80,A3。SRB不是腐蚀钢的惟一因素,还有其他因素也导致钢材的腐蚀。     

天津市PM_(10)污染控制决策模型

探索了城市空气颗粒物污染控制决策的流程.分析了颗粒物排放源类的分担率、颗粒物的可削减空间、控制措施实施的可执行性及控制技术经济成本等方面对颗粒物污染控制决策的影响,在此基础上,结合空气质量模型、颗粒物来源解析、层次分析法等技术,建立了颗粒物污染控制方案优选方法及相应的决策模型.以天津市为例,分别设定颗粒物各排放源类的控制情景,计算不同控制情景下环境空气中ρ(PM10)削减率,在对所有方案初筛的基础上,采用层次分析法确定颗粒物污染控制的最优方案组合.     

蔬菜残留农药的天然净化剂的开发与研制

以贝壳（扇贝壳和牡蛎壳等）为原料,进行高温煅烧处理,制成天然净化剂,对残留有机磷类农药（以氧乐果为例）的蔬菜样品（小白菜）进行清洗,利用分光光度法进行农药残留去除的测定。研究了反应时间、净化剂浓度等因素对蔬菜残留农药去除效果的影响,并比较了水、氯化钠、天然净化剂的去除效果。结果表明,0.05g/100 ml（5%）天然净化剂在洗涤5 min时,去除效果最好,去除率高达76.47%,其去除效果均高于同浓度的水和氯化钠。     

生物制药（品）废水的灭活与处理

介绍采用物理加热消毒灭菌及好氧接触氧化法在昆明某医学生物学研究所处理生物制药（疫苗）生产废水及生活污水应用情况。在生物制药（特别是减毒活疫苗）生产废水中通常含有病原性微生物,如细菌、病毒等,须经消毒灭菌处理后才能排入污水处理系统。首先,根据相关病毒的致死温度,采用加热法将减毒活疫苗生产废水中的病毒杀死;然后,灭活后的废水排入生物接触氧化处理系统与生活污水混合后进行处理;最后,氯消毒后达标排放或进行中水回用。本文为生物制药废水的处理提供了一定参考价值。     

稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制与效益分析——以湖南为例

以湖南为例从分散蓄水与扩容蓄水、即时蓄水与重复蓄水、分级截流与设阻截流等角度,分析了稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制,得出湖南宜鱼稻田87.0万hm2,以蓄水30cm计算可蓄存107.9亿m3.通过重复蓄水、设阻蓄水,接纳多次降雨洪水,调节水分时空分布,创造减灾避灾的人工生态防灾系统,形成多物种共生共存的农田湿地生态系统,提高农田生态经济效益.     

浅谈境外石油工程项目HSE管理

结合油田境外石油工程施工情况,介绍了境外石油工程项目HSE管理特点、运行中存在的主要问题及解决的方法。     

Secondary organic carbon quantification and source apportionment of PM10 in Kaifeng, China

During 2005, the filter samples of ambient PM₁₀ from five sites and the source samples of particulate matter were collected in Kaifeng, Henan Province of China. Nineteen elements, water-soluble ions, total carbon (TC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in samples were analyzed. Seven contributive source types were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ were estimated by chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Weak associations between the concentrations of organic carbon and element carbon (EC) were observed during the sampling periods, indicating that there was secondary organic aerosol pollution in the urban atmosphere. An indirect method of “OC/EC minimum ratio” was applied to estimate the concentration of secondary organic carbon (SOC). The results showed that SOC contributed 26.2%, 32.4% and 18.0% of TC in spring, summer-fall and winter, respectively, and the annual average SOC concentration was 7.07 μg/m³, accounting for 5.73% of the total mass in ambient PM₁₀. The carbon species concentrations in ambient PM₁₀ were recalculated by subtracting SOC concentrations from measured concentrations of TC and OC to increase the compatibility of source and receptor measurements for CMB model.     

TiO_2/SiO_2复合体光催化降解染料废水的试验

通过光催化剂TiO2／SiO2的复合体处理染料废水的模拟实验,讨论了Si／Ti比值、pH值和焙烧温度,对处理模拟染料废水效能的影响。结果表明：在焙烧温度为700℃条件下制得的Si／Ti比值为1：7的TiO2/SiO2复合体,pH值为9时,光催化降解模拟有机染料废水的效果最佳。