电化学法消毒处理医院污水的试验研究

采用电化学法消毒处理医院污水，通过选用不同阳极材料构建的电化学体系，探讨电化学法的消毒机理。试验表明，以涂有贵金属（钌、铂和铱）氧化物的钛板作阳极，不锈钢板作阴极，在电流密度为8mA／cm^2、水力停留时间为15min、空气流量为40L／h、极水比为1．0的试验条件下，消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数（500cfu／L，达到国家一级排放标准（GB8978-1996）。     

Fenton法预处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的研究

采用Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液进行预处理,探讨了pH值、FeSO4/H2O2用量及比例、以及反应时间对CODcr及色度去除率的影响.研究结果表明:当pH =4.0,FeSO4/H2O2用量0.75/7.5 (g/ml),反应时间2.5h,垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的CODcr浓度从4 416 mg/L降低至630.7 ml/L,CODcr去除率达85.7％;色度从1 250倍降低至200倍以下,色度去除率达84％.因此,本工艺对垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的CODcr及色度具有较好的去除效果,作为垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的预处理工艺具有可行性.     

Spatially identifying vulnerable communities to climate change impact in South Australia

The impending form and extent of climate change and its direct impacts present disproportionate challenges for the most socially and economically disadvantaged groups within populations. Evaluating the vulnerability of disadvantaged groups in the context of climate change has presented tremendous theoretical, methodological and policy challenges especially where vulnerability assessment research is focused at the local community level. This study addresses the challenges by developing an interdisciplinary methodology, based on expert knowledge, and uses the state of South Australia as a case study. It focuses on key indicators that measure the exposure of local communities to climate change and socio-economic vulnerabilities of local populations. A main contribution in this study is the novel incorporation of physical, environmental and socio-demographic data sets and extensive use of spatial modelling and estimation methods to spatially define climate change and social vulnerability “hot spots”. This paper assesses vulnerability under moderate and high Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CO₂ emission scenarios in order to generate an assessment model to be used before planning is done. The result is the creation of a practical tool through which decision-makers can better understand how the complexity of one's local spatial context influences the unique exposure, which different vulnerable communities have, to the impacts of climate change. This paper presents a useful tool that can be used in the initial assessment phase by planners and policy-makers to better assist those who are limited in their ability to adapt to climate change.     

台州市经济增长与环境污染关系分析研究

环境库兹涅茨曲线(Environmental Kuznets Curve,简称EKC),常用来描述经济增长与环境质量之间的关系,传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线一般具有倒"U"形特征。通过对1990年-2010年台州市环境数据和经济数据的计量模型研究,发现台州市排放的污染物环境库兹涅茨曲线不完全符合传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,并对这一结果进行了深入分析。环境质量的改善并不是随着人均GDP的增长而自动发生。除了经济收入这个因素外,影响环境质量的因素还有很多,如种族构成、公民受教育程度、集体行动的倾向性、人口密度等等。经过研究得出结论:台州市总体环境状况有着进一步恶化的趋势,应该加大环保力度,提倡清洁生产和"三废"循环利用,使经济增长与环境状况同时向着有利于人类的方向发展,实现可持续发展。     

Cu、Cd污染对土壤脲酶活性的影响研究

随着重金属污染的越来越重,重金属对土壤环境的危害引起人们广泛的关注,土壤酶作为土壤生态系统中生化反应的催化剂,对各种土壤代谢过程起驱动作用.为研究单因素重金属Cu、Cd对于土壤脲酶活性的影响,以至于对环境保护和环境评价工作提供意见.本文采用靛酚蓝比色法测定脲酶活性,以氨氮浓度表征土壤脲酶活性.实验结果表明,随着Cu2＋、Cd2＋浓度的增加,土壤脲酶活性显著降低,即重金属对土壤脲酶具有抑制作用.     

天津市红桥区实践环境影响评价存在的问题与对策

环境影响评价既是技术,也是正确处理环境保护与经济增长关系的重要手段,是强化环境管理的积极措施,可为经济发展和环境保护决策提供参考依据。本文梳理总结了近年来红桥区污染物排放情况、环境影响评价预测污染物排放情况以及环境影响评价消减污染物排放情况,分析了红桥区环境影响评价的执行情况,通过对红桥区实践环境影响评价出现的问题分析,针对性地提出建议。     

Predicted no-effect concentrations for mercury species and ecological risk assessment for mercury pollution in aquatic environment

Mercury (Hg) exists in different chemical forms presenting varied toxic potentials. It is necessary to explore an ecological risk assessment method for different mercury species in aquatic environment. The predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for Hg(II) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in the aqueous phase, calculated using the species sensitivity distribution method and the assessment factor method, were 0.39 and 6.5 × 10^-3 μg/L, respectively. The partition theory of Hg between sediment and aqueous phases was considered, along with PNECs for the aqueous phase to conduct an ecological risk assessment for Hg in the sediment phase. Two case studies, one in China and one in the Western Black Sea, were conducted using these PNECs. The toxicity of mercury is heavily dependent on their forms, and their potential ecological risk should be respectively evaluated on the basis of mercury species.     

Predicted no-effect concentrations for mercury species and ecological risk assessment for mercury pollution in aquatic environment

Mercury (Hg) exists in different chemical forms presenting varied toxic potentials. It is necessary to explore an ecological risk assessment method for different mercury species in aquatic environment. The predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for Hg(II) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in the aqueous phase, calculated using the species sensitivity distribution method and the assessment factor method, were 0.39 and 6.5 × 10^− 3 μg/L, respectively. The partition theory of Hg between sediment and aqueous phases was considered, along with PNECs for the aqueous phase to conduct an ecological risk assessment for Hg in the sediment phase. Two case studies, one in China and one in the Western Black Sea, were conducted using these PNECs. The toxicity of mercury is heavily dependent on their forms, and their potential ecological risk should be respectively evaluated on the basis of mercury species.     

Associations between economic loss,financial strain and the psychological status of Wenchuan earthquake survivors

This study examines the effects of economic loss on the life satisfaction and mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Economic loss is measured by earthquake impacts on the income and houses of the survivors. The correlation analysis shows that earthquake impact on income is significantly correlated with life satisfaction and depression. The regression analyses indicate that earthquake impact on income is indirectly associated with life satisfaction and depression through its effect on financial strain. The research highlights the importance of coping strategies in maintaining a balance between economic status and living demands for disaster survivors.     

城市环境风险评价——基于113个环境保护重点城市分析

基于2014年113个环境保护重点城市的环境风险源和环境风险受体数据,构建环境风险评价指标体系,采用因子分析和聚类分析,对案例城市进行环境风险水平评价和环境风险类型分类。结果显示,从环境风险空间分布角度,东部城市环境风险水平两极化严重,主要影响因素是污染物排放水平的差异;西部城市环境风险处于中等偏高水平;中部城市环境风险处于中等水平;东北城市环境风险偏高,需要尽快转变经济发展结构。根据环境风险类型分布,识别出6类环境风险管理重点城市及其风险管理重点方向。资源型城市和一线城市环境风险管理的重点是污染治理,经济发展相对落后城市环境风险管理的重点是风险抵御,其余城市需要进行环境风险综合预防和管理。