美欧环境内分泌干扰物研究框架

欧美于20世纪90年代开始系统研究环境内分泌干扰物（EDs)，为此成立了专门的工作机构负责EDs研究的规划与协调工作。研究框架包括确认EDs对人类和生态效应的方法，剂量一效应关系模型以及检测环境暴露水平等。研究对环境威胁最大受试物的主要毒理学终点有致癌性，生殖发育毒性，神经毒性和免疫毒性，目前危险评价的新进展是应用定量结构活性关系（QSAR）模型预测化学物的安全性。     

Degradation kinetics and mechanism of trace nitrobenzene by granular activated carbon enhanced microwave/hydrogen peroxide system

The kinetics of the degradation of trace nitrobenzene (NB) by a granular activated carbon (GAC) enhanced microwave (MW)/hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) system was studied. Effects of pH, NB initial concentration and tert-butyl alcohol on the removal efficiency were examined. It was found that the reaction rate fits well to first-order reaction kinetics in the MW/GAC/H₂O₂ process. Moreover, GAC greatly enhanced the degradation rate of NB in water. Under a given condition (MW power 300 W, H₂O₂ dosage 10 mg/L, pH 6.85 and temperature (60±5)℃), the degradation rate of NB was 0.05214 min^-1 when 4 g/L GAC was added. In general, alkaline pH was better for NB degradation; however, the optimum pH was 8.0 in the tested pH value range of 4.0-12.0. At H₂O₂ dosage of 10 mg/L and GAC dosage of 4 g/L, the removal of NB was decreased with increasing initial concentrations of NB, indicating that a low initial concentration was beneficial for the degradation of NB. These results indicated that the MW/GAC/H₂O₂ process was effective for trace NB degradation in water. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that a hydroxyl radical addition reaction and dehydrogenation reaction enhanced NB degradation.     

污泥电子传递体系(ETS)活性测定中萃取剂的选择

比较了丙酮、乙醇、正丁醇、磷酸三丁酯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯和三氯甲烷等7种萃取剂检测活性污泥电子传递体系(ETS)活性的特性.结果表明,这7种萃取剂制作标准曲线的性能相近;在实际污泥样品检测中,37℃下丙酮的萃取时间仅需10min,待测样品量相同时,其萃取速度约是其它萃取剂的4～22倍,37℃下丙酮萃取污泥样品中三苯基甲脂(TF)的能力大于其它萃取剂在37℃或90℃下的萃取能力,同时以丙酮作萃取剂测定的污泥电子传递体系活性也最大,说明丙酮是污泥电子传递体系活性测定中萃取剂的最佳选择.     

基于低碳视角的天津市能源结构系统动力学分析

全球气候变化和温室气体的大量排放已成为国际社会广泛关注的问题,能源结构调整是应对这一问题行之有效的手段。通过对天津市能源结构进行研究,从低碳角度出发,以改善天津以煤为主的能源供给结构、提高能源利用效率、缓解能源供应压力、减少环境污染和生态破坏为目的,应用系统动力学对天津市能源结构的未来发展情况进行模拟,通过对非低碳模式、低碳模式和强化低碳模式3种模拟方案下能源消耗情况和温室气体排放的比较,找出适合天津市能源结构调整的最佳模式。     

壳聚糖乙酸酯冠醚对金属离子的吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖Ｃ２位上活泼氨基与苯甲醛进行反应,制得了Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱苯甲醛壳聚糖（简称ＣＴＢ）,再将合成的二苯并１６－冠－５氯代乙酸酯冠醚接枝到ＣＴＢ上,得到壳聚糖－苯并１６－冠－５乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＴＣＢＣ）,使其在酸性条件下脱去苯甲醛,制得壳聚糖－二苯并１６－冠－５－乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＣＴＣＥ）。经元素分析、红外光谱分析表征了其结构。并研究了ＣＴＢＣ和ＣＴＣＥ对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｎｉ     

废塑料再生产业园的规划及环境影响评价

论述了我国废塑料再生行业存在的问题和废塑料再生产业园的规划特点。探讨了产业园的合理选址、系统规划布局、同步环境影响评价在废塑料再生产业园建设中的重要性,介绍了环境影响分析和园区清洁生产与循环经济等内容。指出建立废塑料再生产业园,必须通过合理规划布局并及时开展环境影响评价工作,这是保护环境、防控污染的有效措施。     

Analysis of the metabolic utilization of carbon sources and potential functional diversity of the bacterial community in lab-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

Microorganisms are an integral part of the biogeochemical processes in wetlands. To improve the performance of constructed wetlands, it is very important to know the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the microbial communities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the microbial community in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) in a laboratory study through the sole-carbon-source utilization profiles using Biolog-ECO microplates. The technique has advantages over traditional cell culture techniques, such as molecular-level techniques-RNA amplification, which are time-consuming, expensive, and only applicable to the small number of species that may be cultured. This CW was designed to treat rural eutrophic water in China, using the plant L. This study showed that the metabolic activities of upper front substrate microorganisms (UF) were greater than those of the lower back substrate microorganisms (LB) in the CW. Integrated areas under average well color development (AWCD) curves of substrate microorganisms in the UF were 131.9, 4.8, and 99.3% higher than in the lower front part (LF), the upper back part (UB), and the LB part of the CW, respectively. Principal components analysis showed significant differences in both community structure and metabolic utilization of carbon sources between substrate microorganisms from different sampling sites. Carbon source utilization of polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids was higher in UF than in LF, but that of amines and phenolic compounds was very similar in UF and LF. The richness, evenness, and diversity of upper substrate microbial communities were significantly higher than those of lower substrate. The LF substrate microbial communities had lower evenness than the other sampling plots, and the lowest richness of substrate microbial community was found in the LB part of the CW.     

Characterization of the archaeal community fouling a membrane bioreactor

Biofilmformation, one of the primary causes of biofouling, results in reducedmembrane flux or increased transmembrane pressure and thus represents a major impediment to the wider implementation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies for water purification. Most studies have focused on the role of bacteria in membrane fouling as they are the most dominant and best studied organisms present in the MBR. In contrast, there is limited information on the role of the archaeal community in biofilm formation in MBRs. This study investigated the composition of the archaeal community during the process of biofouling in an MBR. The archaeal community was observed to have lower richness and diversity in the biofilmthan the sludge during the establishment of biofilms at low transmembrane pressure (TMP). Clustering of the communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix indicated that a subset of the sludge archaeal community formed the initial biofilms. The archaeal community in the biofilm was mainly composed of Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata, Thermococci, Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia and Halobacteria. Among them, the Thermoprotei and Thermoplasmata were present at higher relative proportions in the biofilms than they were in the sludge. Additionally, the Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata and Thermococci were the dominant organisms detected in the initial biofilms at low TMP, while as the TMP increased, the Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia, Aciduliprofundum and Halobacteria were present at higher abundances in the biofilms at high TMP.     

放电等离子体降解三氯乙烯

采用2种放电方式和2种反应器对三氯乙烯进行降解,脉冲放电和交流放电均对三氯乙烯有较好的降解效果,且电压越高降解率越大.对脉冲放电,当气体停留时间为15s、三氯乙烯初始浓度1350mg/m³、电压42kV时空腔式反应器对三氯乙烯的降解率接近100%;对交流放电,使用32kV的电压可使降解率达98%,且频率越高降解效果越好.与脉冲放电相比,交流放电的功率消耗量大、能量利用率低,且填充式反应器的能量利用率也低于空腔式反应器.对于空腔式反应器,三氯乙烯降解率达80%时所需的脉冲和交流放电能量消耗分别为4.9W·h/m³和116W·h/m³.     

舟曲＂8.7＂泥石流的特征及其防治措施初探

2010年8月7日晚,舟曲县城发生特大泥石流灾害,导致了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失.文章从地质构造、地形地貌、新构造运动与地震、气象和水系水文条件等五方面阐述了舟曲县自然环境整体背景,并分析了此次＂8.7＂泥石流形成的地形、物源和水源条件,总结了＂8.7＂泥石流的特征.在此基础上,为舟曲灾后重建提出了工程措施与生态措施相结合的防治建议.