Study on preparation method of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zanthoxylum bungeanum</Emphasis> seeds kernel oil with zero trans-fatty acids

The seed of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Z. bungeanum) is a by-product of pepper production and rich in unsaturated fatty acid, cellulose, and protein. The seed oil obtained from traditional producing process by squeezing or extracting would be bad quality and could not be used as edible oil. In this paper, a new preparation method of Z. bungeanum seed kernel oil (ZSKO) was developed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of alkali saponification-cold squeezing, alkali saponification-solvent extraction, and alkali saponification-supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO₂). The results showed that the alkali saponification-cold squeezing could be the optimal preparation method of ZSKO, which contained the following steps: Z. bungeanum seed was pretreated by alkali saponification under the conditions of adding 10 %NaOH (w/w), solution temperature was 80 °C, and saponification reaction time was 45 min, and pretreated seed was separated by filtering, water washing, and overnight drying at 50 °C, then repeated squeezing was taken until no oil generated at 60 °C with 15 % moisture content, and ZSKO was attained finally using centrifuge. The produced ZSKO contained more than 90 % unsaturated fatty acids and no trans-fatty acids and be testified as a good edible oil with low-value level of acid and peroxide. It was demonstrated that the alkali saponification-cold squeezing process could be scaled up and applied to industrialized production of ZSKO.     

农药行业规划环境影响评价中的风险评价

针对专项工业规划环境影响评价中环境风险评价应用尚不成熟的现状,建立了一套专项工业规划环境风险评价方法,并将其应用到江苏省农药行业总体规划环境影响评价分析中。从环境风险角度分析行业发展方向、强度和布局的合理性,提出规划调整和行业风险管理的建议,以降低事故发生的概率和影响,保障行业的健康稳定发展。通过对江苏省农药行业规划明确的产品结构、产业组织结构、创新体系和技术发展目标等进行风险识别、分析和评价,得出生产和使用光气的定点企业、使用液氯的企业、产生硫化氢的企业的环境风险防护距离（以生产装置为起点）应至少设置为1 000,500,250 m。     

Removal of mercury from flue gas using sewage sludge-based adsorbents

Mercury from coal-fired utility boilers, as the largest atmospheric mercury emission source, imposes serious environmental risks and health concerns. In order to explore the possibility of reducing costs of activated carbon injection, we investigated the most promising mercury control technology, Hg⁰ removal using ZnCl₂-impregnated adsorbents derived from sewage sludge. The results demonstrated that sludge-based adsorbents (SBAs) had fairly high mercury adsorption capacity over a wide range of temperatures (80–170 °C). Oxidizing atmosphere could improve the adsorption of Hg⁰ and weaken the inhibition of SO₂ on mercury adsorption to some extent. NO exhibited no obvious impact on mercury removal performance. In addition, to clarify whether oxygen- or chlorine-containing functional groups attributed to good mercury adsorption capacity of SBAs, the oxygen-containing functional groups were removed using Boehm’s method, and a temperature-programmed decomposition desorption experiment was conducted. The results suggest that chlorine-containing functional groups played a significant role in the removal process of mercury from flue gas using SBAs.     

水环境胁迫下的环鄱阳湖区城市化格局响应

当前城市化和水环境问题已成为全球共同面临的富有挑战性的问题,选取环鄱阳湖区作为研究样区,借助GIS技术,采用空间统计方法并建立水环境胁迫模型,对这种水环境胁迫下的城市化格局响应进行了研究。研究表明：（1）综合城市化计算显示,环湖区的城市化格局是随着与鄱阳湖体距离的增大,其城市化水平呈现出先增大后减小趋势,表明湖泊对城市化影响总体上显现出与距离相关的非线性分异格局;（2）空间统计结果显示,水资源富集的环湖核心区的空间关联比较显著,其水质对城市化水平的胁迫作用比较明显;（3）水胁迫度比较表明,在环湖边缘区和外围区水环境对城市化的胁迫强度级别有明显差异,随着与鄱阳湖体距离的增大,水环境对城市化的胁迫力也增大,表现出“中心 外围”逐渐增大的阶梯变化趋势     

Research on the management models of the rural primary water management from the view of public service:a case study of Zhejiang Province

The rural primary organizations of water management are the important parts of the public service system in the government administration.This paper studies several major management models of the rural primary water management in Zhejiang Province of China.The research result shows that ambiguous functions,lack of funding,and unreasonable personnel structure are the major problems of the rural primary water management.Therefore,it is urgent to improve service system,ensure sufficient funds,and qualify the population personnel of the rural primary organizations of water management     

南京方山生态公园不同人工植被土壤动物群落结构时空变化

2009年3月~2010年4月采用干漏斗法和手捡法对南京方山生态公园针阔混交林、茶园、农田等3种典型人工植被生境的土壤动物群落结构及其季节变化进行初步调查。共采得土壤动物样本3 164个,27个类群隶属于5门12纲23目。结果表明：近孔寡毛目（Plesiopora）、弹尾纲（Collembola）和蜱螨目（Acarina）为常年优势类群;双翅目（Diptera）、同翅目（Homoptera）、膜翅目（Hymenoptera）、等足目（Isopoda）、后孔寡毛目（Opisthopora）和鞘翅目（Coleoptera）则为常年常见类群。土壤动物群落类群数和个体数量的季节消长规律分别是夏季>冬季>秋季>春季和夏季>秋季>冬季>春季。不同植被生境的土壤动物个体数量总数依次为茶园>混交林>农田;不同季节、不同人工植被类型以及不同季节和不同人工植被类型之间土壤动物群落的组成具有较大变化,不同类群之间个体数量差异显著。多样性分析表明,土壤动物类群多样性和均匀性指数在夏季时最高;茶园和混交林多样性指数和丰富度指数均高于农田。不同植被类型土壤动物垂直分布特征均表现为具有明显的表聚性,土壤动物的类群垂直分布差异明显,类群数随土层向下逐步减少     

吹扫捕集-快速气相色谱-质谱联用法测定水中54种挥发性有机物

采用吹扫捕集与快速气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用法,通过质谱定性和各目标物的特征离子定量,建立了同时测定水中54种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的吹扫捕集-快速气相色谱-质谱的分析方法。结果表明,与常规方法相比,建立的吹扫捕集-快速气相色谱-质谱联用法在保证各目标物灵敏度和仅2组物质分辨率受影响的同时,分析时间由31 min缩短至13 min。该方法具有良好的重现性,除萘和1,2,3-三氯苯值为9.3%和8.7%外,其他目标物的重现性值皆小于5%,在线性范围1~200μg/L内皆具有大于0.99的良好相关度,各目标物的检出限值介于0.53~278 ng/L之间。     

反硝化脱硫菌的代谢特征及其环境应用研究进展

反硝化脱硫菌(NR-SOB)是一种具有同步硝酸盐还原和硫氧化能力的功能微生物。探讨了NR-SOB的代谢特征及其影响因素,并对它在废水处理,防腐,天然气、工业废气脱硫方面的应用进行了综述。最后,还指出了今后NR-SOB在环境应用方面的研究方向。     

选择性催化还原催化剂氧化脱除烟气中单质汞

以运用超声辅助浸渍法制备的V2O5-WO3/TiO2系列催化剂样品作为研究参考,在150 ～ 400℃,分别考察了某燃煤电厂新鲜的及已运行长达26 000 h的商用SCR脱硝催化剂对模拟烟气中单质汞(Hg0)的氧化性能,并利用SEM、BET、XRD等手段对样品的理化性质进行了表征.结果表明,电厂商用SCR催化剂对于燃煤烟气中的Hg0具有一定的催化氧化作用,但在250℃最佳反应温度时,最大汞氧化效率在50％以下,相同实验条件下,自制的1％V205-9％ WO3/TiO2(V1W9Ti)能够获得68.18％的最大汞氧化效率;通过考察NO、NH3、SO2和水蒸气对汞的氧化的影响发现,在低浓度NO以及5％02存在时,NO能够促进汞的氧化;SO2对汞的氧化有明显的抑制作用,而且其毒害作用具有一定的不可逆性;NH3在催化剂表面能够与Hg0发生竞争吸附,从而抑制了汞的氧化;水蒸气的存在容易导致催化剂的失活.此外,对催化剂氧化Hg0的机理进行了探讨.