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141.
Mohammad Fareed Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran Manoj Kumar Pathak Vipin Bihari Mohammed Kuddus 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(8):1601-1609
In this study, risk assessment for visual disturbances among farm workers spraying agricultural pesticides in farms have been assessed. A cross-sectional study for the assessment of visual disturbances was undertaken using questionnaire survey and clinical examination among agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. Two hundred and thirty nine pesticide sprayers participated in the study. The study was compared to 110 controls not occupationally exposed to pesticides with similar socio-economic status. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was found to be 40% among pesticide sprayers which was significantly higher (p?0.01) as compared to controls. The symptoms among morbid subjects were found to be blurred vision, lacrimation, pain in eyes, red swollen eyes, and irritation of eyes. Exposure wise assessment of ocular symptoms among pesticide sprayers illustrates that exposure time elevates the ocular problems among sprayers. The cholinesterase activity was found to be significantly depleted (p?0.01) among pesticide sprayers as compared to controls which show the exposure of organophosphate pesticides among them. The visual disturbances observed among pesticide sprayers clearly exhibit that eyes get exposed by pesticides during spraying operations in agriculture and eventually get affected leading to ocular illness. 相似文献
142.
Mushtaq Ahmed Zafer Ullah Wazir Rahmat Ali Khan Mohammed Imran Khan Syed Waqas Asif Iqbal 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1539-1545
Medicinal plants play a crucial role in maintaining human health. Kalanchoe pinnata has been used for treatment of different ailments like infections, rheumatism, and inflammation. Data showed that Kalancho pinnata methanolic extract (100 or 1000 μg/ml) significantly inhibited growth of shoots (hypocotyls) and roots (radicals) of rice compared to control after 3 or 7 days treatment. Further, the Kalancho pinnata methanolic extract (50–1000 μg/ml) exhibited antioxidant properties and scavenged free radicals in dose-dependent manner compared with a standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). Kalancho pinnata methanolic extract also possesses antifungal property that inhibited approximately 76% and 51% growth of Aspergillus flavous and Aspergillus niger, respectively, using the extract at 200 μg/ml. 相似文献
143.
Antoine de Ramon N‘Yeurt David P. Chynoweth Mark E. Capron Jim R. Stewart Mohammed A. Hasan 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(6):467-474
Ocean Afforestation, more precisely Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation (OMA), has the potential to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations through expanding natural populations of macroalgae, which absorb carbon dioxide, then are harvested to produce biomethane and biocarbon dioxide via anaerobic digestion. The plant nutrients remaining after digestion are recycled to expand the algal forest and increase fish populations. A mass balance has been calculated from known data and applied to produce a life cycle assessment and economic analysis. This analysis shows the potential of Ocean Afforestation to produce 12 billion tons per year of biomethane while storing 19 billion tons of CO2 per year directly from biogas production, plus up to 34 billion tons per year from carbon capture of the biomethane combustion exhaust. These rates are based on macro-algae forests covering 9% of the world's ocean surface, which could produce sufficient biomethane to replace all of today's needs in fossil fuel energy, while removing 53 billion tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere, restoring pre-industrial levels. This amount of biomass could also increase sustainable fish production to potentially provide 200 kg/yr/person for 10 billion people. Additional benefits are reduction in ocean acidification and increased ocean primary productivity and biodiversity. 相似文献
144.
Kerrou Omar Lahboubi Nabila Bakraoui Mohammed Karouach Fadoua Gnaoui Yasser El Schüch Andrea Stinner Walter Bari Hassan El 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1599-1608
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recovery of date palm leaflet waste (DPLW), generated by palms through anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, attracts more attention... 相似文献
145.
Ahmad H. Aljassar Khalifa Bader Al-Fadala Mohammed A. Ali 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(2):112-115
Building demolition waste constitutes a major component of municipal solid waste in Kuwait. Over 90% of this waste is currently land-filled, causing extreme pressure on the available land-fill sites. At the same time, the sources of natural aggregates are almost depleted, and there is an increasing demand because of the increased construction and maintenance activities. This article presents the results of a technical feasibility study into meeting this need by recycling the aggregates obtained from building demolition waste for asphalt concrete. The Marshall test, the immersion compression test, the loss of stability test, and the wheel track test were performed to evaluate the asphalt concrete made with recycled aggregate. The results showed that the asphalt concrete produced using an aggregate of demolition waste met all the requirements of local specifications. 相似文献
146.
Nasrallah HA Balling RC Madi SM Al-Ansari L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,121(2):301-305
Hourly atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration measurements are available from 1996 to present for a suburban site within the growing metropolitan area of Kuwait City. Analyses of this record reveal (a) an annual cycle with highest values in February and lowest values in September reflecting the growth and decay of vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere as well as fluctuations in motor traffic, (b) a weekly cycle with highest values during the weekdays and lowest values during weekends, and (c) a diurnal cycle with highest values after sunset when the local atmosphere becomes more stable following vehicular emission of CO2 throughout the day and lowest values in late afternoon following several hours of relatively unstable conditions. During the daytime, CO2 concentrations are related to wind direction, with westerly winds (coming from the desert) promoting lowest CO2 concentrations. At night, lowest CO2 levels are associated with higher wind speeds and winds from the north. The findings from the Kuwait City area, particularly when contrasted with the situation in Phoenix, further our understanding of the dynamics of CO2 levels in urban environments. 相似文献
147.
Stohlgren TJ Chong GW Schell LD Rimar KA Otsuki Y Lee M Kalkhan MA Villa CA 《Environmental management》2002,29(4):566-577
Basic information on where nonnative plant species have successfully invaded is lacking. We assessed the vulnerability of
22 vegetation types (25 sets of four plots in nine study areas) to nonnative plant invasions in the north–central United States.
In general, habitats with high native species richness were more heavily invaded than species-poor habitats, low-elevation
areas were more invaded than high-elevation areas, and riparian zones were more invaded than nearby upland sites. For the
100 1000-m2 plots (across all vegetation types), 50% of the variation in nonnative species richness was explained by longitude, latitude,
native plant species richness, soil total percentage nitrogen, and mean maximum July temperature (n = 100 plots; P < 0.001). At the vegetation-type scale (n = 25 sets of four 1000-m2 plots/type), 64% of the variation in nonnative species richness was explained by native plant species richness, elevation,
and October to June precipitation (P < 0.001). The foliar cover of nonnative species (log) was strongly positively correlated with the nonnative species richness at the
plot scale (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) and vegetation-type scale (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). We concluded that, at the vegetation-type and regional scales in the north–central United States, (1) vegetation types
rich in native species are often highly vulnerable to invasion by nonnative plant species; (2) where several nonnative species
become established, nonnative species cover can substantially increase; (3) the attributes that maintain high native plant
species richness (high light, water, nitrogen, and temperatures) also help maintain nonnative plant species richness; and
(4) more care must be taken to preserve native species diversity in highly vulnerable habitats. 相似文献
148.
Mohammed Matouq 《Local Environment》2000,5(4):415-433
The ISO 14001 implementation process among certified firms in China was examined by conducting a questionnaire survey distributed to all certified firms as of December 1998. Results showed that the ISO 14001-based environmental management system (EMS) has a significant effect on firms' daily environmental activities and performance. Recycling, natural resource consumption and released pollutants have been managed in a better way and, in some cases, pollutants have been reduced. The study showed that firms' main targets for adopting the system were to: enhance the firm's public image; enhance employees' environmental awareness; improve the EMS inside the firm; improve the environmental aspects and performance inside the firm; and improve relations with government offices and local citizens. ISO 1400-based EMS implementation showed that it is a promising tool for helping build a better partnership between three main stakeholders, government, local citizens and enterprises. The system has enabled firms to consider the role of the local people in a more effective way. For example, special consideration is given to involving local citizens in health and emergency preparedness during firms' daily environmental activities. Moreover, enhancing environmental awareness among the local citizens and giving more consideration to co-operation with other firms from the same industrial groups are reported by certified firms. Finally, there are strong demands for government support to build more reliable information systems, ISO 14001-related research, more incentives for eco-labelling and tax exemptions. 相似文献
149.
Smith AH Pinkard EA Stone C Battaglia M Mohammed CL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,111(1-3):243-256
Fungal pathogens, browsing mammals, birds, insects, nutrient deficiencies, drought, frost and waterlogging are all damaging
agents to plantation species. The subsequent loss in leaf tissue or reduced photosynthetic potential can reduce growth and
potentially lead to tree death. The Crown Damage Index (CDI) was developed in Australia to quantify damage in young eucalypt
plantations. The accuracy and precision of assessing damage at a tree level were determined to ensure the reliability, objectivity
and repeatability of the CDI method. Nine assessors, with varying levels of experience, estimated damage on three plots of
fifty trees each, to obtain an understanding of the subjectivity of assessing damage caused by insects (e.g. Chrysophtharta spp.) and fungal pathogens (e.g. Mycosphaerella spp.) on Eucalyptus globulus. Damage levels were measured by destructive sampling to enable direct comparisons between estimates and damage levels to
be made. The most experienced assessors provided the most repeatable estimates and were generally the most accurate. The incidence
of foliar necrosis was the least subjective measure while defoliation was the most subjective and the least accurate of the
indices measured. All assessors, regardless of experience, were able to predict the Crown Damage Index (a combined index of
all damage classes) to within 12% of measured damage levels. 相似文献
150.
Al Rmalli SW Harrington CF Ayub M Haris PI 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(4):279-282
We demonstrate that the non-living, dried roots of the water hyacinth plant [Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms] can rapidly remove arsenic from water. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to demonstrate that more than 93% of arsenite (As(iii)) and 95% of arsenate (As(v)) were removed from a solution containing 200 microg As l(-1) within 60 minutes of exposure to a powder produced from dried roots. No difference in removal efficiency was observed between the two oxidation states of As studied. The amount of arsenic remaining in solution was found to be less than 10 microg l(-1) which is the WHO guideline limit value for As in drinking water. The presence of arsenic in drinking water in a number of countries in the developing world has been found to be much higher than the WHO level, affecting the health of millions of people. In this paper, we show that a biomaterial produced from dried water hyacinth roots, a plant that is found in abundant supply in many parts of the world, can provide a simple, effective and yet cheap method for removing arsenic from contaminated water. 相似文献