“赛力奇”的致突变性研究

选用Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验和小鼠显性致死突变试验对新型食品添加剂“赛力奇”的致突变性进行了检验。结果表明：三项试验的结果均生。根据国家《食品安全性毒理学评价程序（试行）》的规定，认为“赛力奇”无致突变性。     

生命周期评价的应用,内涵与挑战

从环境问题与可持续发展出发，指出生命周期评价是在产品层次上实现可持续发展的一种理论评价工具，并探讨了生命周期评价的内涵，论述产品生命周是进行生命周期评价的客观依据，详细探讨应用生命周期评价存在的问题，指出进一步研究生命周期评价的方向。     

煤沥青烟气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响

采用自然吸入的暴露方法，通过分析肺灌洗液成分及脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能，观察碳素厂冷压车间空气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响，结果表明，在自然吸入染毒期间，引起大鼠肺灌洗液中乳酸氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和唾液含量或高，肺巨噬细胞及其Ｆｃ受体数降低，并且还引起脾脏淋巴细胞的转化能力下降。     

废水处理方案选择专家系统的设计

介绍了一种用于选择工业废水工艺流程方案的专家系统的设计。该系统采用框架式结构对知识进行描述，用指标函数方程进行各种费用的计算比较，最终得出最佳处理工艺流程方案。     

用浮游及底栖动物评价饮马河水质

根据浮游及底栖动物种群结构和数量分布特点，对秦皇岛市饮马河水质进行了初步评价，评价结果表明，生物监测技术方法可行，简单直观，与化学监测的结果基本一致。饮马河全程水质属于中-重污染。     

Fe_3O_4、Fe_2O_3对燃煤飞灰比电阻和击穿场强的影响

利用从国内不同燃煤电厂采集的飞灰作为本底灰样，采用试剂添加、磁选分离和高温煅烧等多种方法分别制备Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３、Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４含量不等的试样，进而对这些试样的比电阻和击穿场强进行实验研究。研究结果表明，Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３和Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４对飞灰的电导性质的影响规律明显不同：Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４含量提高４％，可使飞灰的比电阻降低约１个数量级，并使霜些飞灰在０．５ｋＶ／ｃｍ场强下产生电击穿；Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的比电阻和击穿场强大大高于Ｆｅ_３Ｏ_４，对飞灰的影响不大。实验结果为研究电除尘器收尘极板上飞灰对收尘机理的影响，和飞灰比电阻数学模型的建立提供了依据。     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto bentonites modified with AlCl3 and CTMAB

The purpose of this work is to synthesize a new type of bentonite sorbent that can simultaneously remove both organic compounds and phosphate from water. Inorganic-organic bentonites (Al-CTMAB-Bent) were synthesized by modifying bentonites with both AlCl₃ and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB). Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto Al-CTMAB-Bent was examined. Removal rates of phenanthrene and phosphate from water reached 96.3% and 90.2%, respectively, at their respective initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L and the added amount of Al-CTMAB-Bent was 1.25 g/L. The residual turbidity of the Al-CTMAB-Bent suspension decreased 81.4% compared to that of organobentonite suspension after a 1 h settling time. Thus, inorganic-organic bentonite can be used to treat wastewater containing both organic pollutants and phosphate. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

复合混凝剂处理印染废水

为了处理高浓度、高色度、高COD的印染废水，利用硫酸亚铁、工业废酸和金属下脚料自行配制了复合混凝剂，并将其与聚合双酸铝铁、聚合氯化铝铁、硫酸亚铁对印染废水的混凝效果进行对比。研究表明，复合混凝剂处理印染废水具有成本低、效果好的特点。当硫酸亚铁的投加量为200mg/L，复合混凝剂的投加量为1280mg／L，PAM的用量为2mg／L时，脱色率达94．9％，COD去除率达78．1％，悬浮固体（SS）去除率达90．9％。