基于突发地质灾害应急防治的边(滑)坡分类方法∗

边(滑)坡分类是进行突发地质灾害应急防治研究的重要手段之一,也是采用工程类比法进行边(滑)坡灾害防治的基础。为此,首先对国内外边(滑)坡分类方法研究现状进行了回顾,并按照分类方法及分类目的,把现有的边(滑)坡分类方法分为了4类:基于单因素及多因素的滑坡分类方法、基于破坏模式与治理措施的滑坡分类方法、基于监测预警的滑坡分类方法和基于稳定性评价的滑坡分类方法,而后对上述分类方法的优缺点进行了评述。最后,基于突发地质灾害应急防治的迫切需求和分类目的,在前人研究的基础上分别建立了基于监测预警和失稳后运动距离预测的突发滑坡应急防治分类方法,该分类方法基于应急防治的特殊要求,在前者加入了临灾征兆的分类指标,这将对突发滑坡灾害应急防治提供更有针对性的指导。     

干湿和冻融循环对压实黄土路用性能影响的试验研究

为研究气候环境对黄土路用性能的影响作用,通过室内CBR试验测定土样在干湿循环和冻融循环条件下的CBR值,分析不同循环条件下的P-L曲线、循环次数与CBR值的关系以及含水率与CBR值的演变规律,试验结果表明:(1)在P-L关系曲线中,循环次数一定时,贯入量随着单位压力的增加而增加;相同单位压力下,循环次数越多,试件强度越低,贯入量越大。(2)在5次干湿循环过程中,CBR值均随着循环次数的增加而降低,干湿循环作用下的CBR值与循环次数呈负线性相关,第2次干湿循环为转折点,CBR值减小值逐步增加,反复干湿循环作用下,基质吸力和孔隙结构特征是相互影响的。(3)冻融循环过程中,冻融循环作用下的CBR值与循环次数成二次方负相关,且有趋于稳定值的趋势。(4)在反复循环过程中,分析得到的变化规律为模拟黄土路基在气候环境影响下的长期演变规律研究以及实际工况提供一定的参考依据。     

农药污染对蚯蚓的群落结构与超微结构影响的研究

报道了农药污染对蚯蚓的群落结构与超微结构影响的研究,结果表明：随着农药污染程度增加,蚯蚓的种类和数量则减少。超微结构在扫描电镜下可观察到重污染区壮伟环毛蚓（Pheretimarobusta）胃粘膜出现溃疡灶,并产生穿孔现象;在中污染区只有微绒毛萎缩病变;在重污染区发现肠粘膜上的纤毛发生紊乱及萎缩,纤毛顶端膨大呈球形。对精子观察可见在中污染区就出现了畸形精子。在透射电镜下观察可见重污染区壮伟环毛蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞中的粗面内质网（RER）出现扩张,高尔基复合体也产生扩张状,线粒体发生肿胀,线粒体嵴消失呈空泡状。另可见细胞核膜间隙扩张、断裂,核染色质边集或减少,胞质呈大片空白。蚯蚓以上病变指标均能很灵敏反映土壤农药污染程度。     

Amoxicillin effects on functional microbial community and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in amoxicillin manufacture wastewater treatment system

This study aimed to reveal how amoxicillin(AMX) affected the microbial community and the spread mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in the AMX manufacture wastewater treatment system. For this purpose, a 1.47 L expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor was designed and run for 241 days treating artificial AMX manufacture wastewater. 454 pyrosequencing was applied to analyze functional microorganisms in the system. The antibiotic genes OXA_(-1), OXA_(-2), OXA_(-10), TEM_(-1), CTX-M_(-1), class I integrons(intI1) and 16 SrRNA genes were also examined in sludge samples. The results showed that the genera Ignavibacterium, Phocoenobacter,Spirochaeta, Aminobacterium and Cloacibacillus contributed to the degradation of different organic compounds(such as various sugars and amines). And the relative quantification of eachβ-lactam resistance gene in the study was changed with the increasing of AMX concentration.Furthermore the vertical gene transfer was the main driver for the spread of ARGs rather than horizontal transfer pathways in the system.     

国产十种合成洗衣粉诱发华西大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo andrewsi)蝌蚪红细胞微核的研究

研究了国产10种洗衣粉对华西大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo andrewsi)蝌蚪红细胞微核的诱变,结果表明“活力28超浓缩无泡加香”洗衣粉,“TM”及“SD”洗衣粉(1.2,6.0及12.0ppm)诱发蝌蚪微核率增高。在我们实验条件下,另外7种合成洗衣粉中的5种在12.0ppm浓度组也引起微核率升高。     

220kV双母线倒闸操作危险点分析及预控措施

随着宁夏电网变电站综合自动化改造工作的展开,220 kV双母线倒闸操作越来越频繁。通过对母线倒闸操作中母联断路器控制电源和母线隔离开关操作顺序的选择、母线隔离开关辅助触点接触不良或未接触的成因分析,提出母线倒闸操作危险点预控措施。应用结果表明:母线倒闸操作危险点分析有助于提升运行人员标准化倒闸操作水平,防止误操作事故的发生。     

C/N和pH值对高温好氧反硝化菌产N2O的影响研究

以50℃高温、好氧条件下能进行高效好氧反硝化的菌株TAD1为研究对象,在不同C/N和pH值培养条件下,对其24 h的反硝化效率和反硝化过程中N2O的逸出量进行了研究。结果显示,C/N和pH值对菌株TAD1的反硝化效率和N2O产生量有明显影响.菌株TAD1最适宜的C/N为9,pH值为7,此时反硝化效率达到99.12%,N2O产生量仅为3.35×10-2 mg/L,N2 O转化率为0.045%,反硝化产物以氮气为主。另外,菌株TAD1不适宜在酸性条件下生长,pH值为6时反硝化效率为83.18%,N2O产生量为13.88×10-2 mg/L,是pH值为7时的4.14倍,是pH值为8时的5.07倍。     

小风和静风状态下TSP大气扩散模式的理论推导

以移动烟团积分模式为基础,采用数学模型分析法,从理论上导出了小风和静风状态下的TSP大气扩散模式。该模式描述了重力沉降和地面不完全反射对颗粒物大气扩散过程的影响;与现有的大气扩散模式体系完全相容,可以方便地应用于小风和静风状态下TSP地面浓度的预测计算     

碱式硫酸铝溶液中SO42-的测定

建立了以铬黑T为指示剂,乙二胺四乙酸二钠反滴定过量BaCl₂的碱式硫酸铝溶液中SO₄^2-的测定方法。实验确定的操作条件为：待测试样稀释后ρ（SO_4^2-）为0.025 ~0.100 g/L,BaCl₂过量率为25%~100%,并且在加入BaCl₂前将试样煮沸,三乙醇胺加入量为0.10 L/L。该法回收率在98.90%~100.72%,相对标准偏差小于1%。测定方法准确,可靠,且操作简便、快速。     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.