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141.
本研究建立了一种用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定浸渍活性炭中银含量的分析方法,对酸介质浓度、共存元素的干扰进行了探讨,在0—1.0ml沪范围内,银含量与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9999。对09型浸渍活性炭标准物质进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.191%(n=10),加标回收率为97.5%-101.4%。 相似文献
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143.
基于Arc GIS平台,分析了黄淮海地区1961-2011年最大1 d、3 d和5 d降雨的时空变化特征,同时利用Pearson-III分布对其进行拟合,对比1985年前后10年一遇和50年一遇最大1 d、3 d和5 d降雨的变化情况。研究结果表明:1961-2011年黄淮海地区最大1 d、3 d及5 d降水整体有下降趋势,1995年后下降趋势更为明显;海河流域极端降水量下降幅度较大,洪涝灾害风险近年来有降低趋势;淮河流域整体上存在上升趋势,但2005年后出现下降趋势,整体上洪涝风险有加剧趋势。 相似文献
144.
Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China? — A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianfa Gao Jake O''Brien Foon Yin Lai Alexander L.N. van Nuijs Jun He Jochen F. Mueller Jingsha Xu Phong K. Thai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Analysingwastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomesmany limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. First conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis (WWA) a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China. The approach has been largely adopted by lawenforcement agencies as a device tomonitor the temporal and geographical patterns of drug consumption. In the future, themethodology can be extended to other chemicals including biomarkers of population health (e.g. environmental or oxidative stress biomarkers, lifestyle indicators or medications that are taken by different demographic groups) and pollutants that people are exposed to (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated chemicals, and toxic pesticides). The extension of WWA to a huge range of chemicals may give rise to a field called sewage chemical-information mining (SCIM) with unexplored potentials. China has many densely populated cities with thousands of sewage treatment plants which are favourable for applying WWA/SCIM in order to help relevant authorities gather information about illicit drug consumption and population health status. However, there are some prerequisites and uncertainties of the methodology that should be addressed for SCIM to reach its full potential in China. 相似文献
145.
Yongguang Yin Xiaoya Yang Xiaoxia Zhou Weidong Wang Sujuan Yu Jingfu Liu Guibin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(8):116-125
The inevitable release of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into aquatic environments has drawn great concerns about its environmental toxicity and safety. Although aggregation and transformation play crucial roles in the transport and toxicity of AgNPs, how the water chemistry of environmental waters influences the aggregation and transformation of engineered AgNPs is still not well understood. In this study, the aggregation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs was investigated in eight typical environmental water samples (with different ionic strengths, hardness, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations) by using UV–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Raman spectroscopy was applied to probe the interaction of DOM with the surface of AgNPs. Further, the photo-transformation and morphology changes of AgNPs in environmental waters were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that both electrolytes (especially Ca2 + and Mg2 +) and DOM in the surface waters are key parameters for AgNP aggregation, and sunlight could accelerate the morphology change, aggregation, and further sedimentation of AgNPs. This water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation should have significant environmental impacts on the transport and toxicity of AgNPs in the aquatic environments. 相似文献
146.
采用蒸发-固化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液。蒸发工艺可将反渗透浓缩液减量化,固化工艺可将蒸发残留液中的污染物稳定化。研究表明,蒸发残留液宜采用水泥和石灰混合料进行固化,混合料最佳水泥与石灰质量比约为1︰2,每100 mL蒸发残留液(质量约为120 g)最佳投加量为50 g。固化体含水率低于40%,抗压强度高于1.0 MPa,适合填埋处置,其浸出液污染物含量较低。采用硅酸钠和硫酸钙作为添加剂可加快固化速度,提高固化体的抗压强度。利用蒸发-固化工艺处理反渗透浓缩液可取得良好的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
147.
Gabriela Scheibel Cassol Chii Shang Juan Li Li Ling Xin Yang Ran Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):119-128
Drinking water utilities are interested in upgrading their treatment facilities to enhance micropollutant removal and byproduct control. Pre-oxidation by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) followed by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is one of the promising solutions. However, the chlorite (ClO2–) formed from the ClO2 pre-oxidation stage cannot be removed by the conventional coagulation process using aluminum sulfate. ClO2– negatively affects the post-UV/chlorine process due to its strong radical scavenging effect, and it also enhances the formation of chlorate (ClO3–). In this study, dosing micromolar-level ferrous iron (Fe(II)) into aluminum-based coagulants was proposed to eliminate the ClO2– generated from ClO2 pre-oxidation and benefit the post-UV/chlorine process in radical production and ClO3– reduction. Results showed that the addition of 52.1-µmol/L FeSO4 effectively eliminated the ClO2– generated from the pre-oxidation using 1.0 mg/L (14.8 µmol/L) of ClO2. Reduction of ClO2– increased the degradation rate constant of a model micropollutant (carbamazepine) by 55.0% in the post-UV/chlorine process. The enhanced degradation was verified to be attributed to the increased steady-state concentrations of HO· and ClO· by Fe(II) addition. Moreover, Fe(II) addition also decreased the ClO3– formation by 53.8% in the UV/chlorine process and its impact on the formation of chloro-organic byproducts was rather minor. The findings demonstrated a promising strategy to improve the drinking water quality and safety by adding low-level Fe(II) in coagulation in an advanced drinking water treatment train. 相似文献
148.
As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(SNWD) was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter(DOM) derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality(2015-20... 相似文献
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150.
20世纪90年代以来,区域差异研究成为学术界和政府管理者关注的热点领域。长期以来学者们主要以单一经济指标或复合经济指标作为衡量因子,分析区域经济差异时空演变及差异背后的自然、社会、经济驱动机理。从可持续发展的角度看,区域发展不单是区域经济的发展,而应是社会、经济与资源环境三方面的协调。基于这一理解,从可持续协调发展入手,建立了区域发展综合评价指标体系,选取了表征社会进步、经济发展和资源环境支持3个方面的27个因素作为评价指标,分析了区域综合发展的测算方法,提出了综合发展指数和发展协调指数。在案例分析中运用所设计的测度方法对江苏省内县级行政单位的综合发展进行了评价和分析。 相似文献