Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater.     

根际养分活化与吸收过程的定量模拟研究进展

在论述植物根系作为养分的主动吸收槽．对根际养分生物有效性产生重要作用的前提下，本文扼要讨论了根际pH值变化、根分泌螯合物与还原性物及根际微生物在根际土壤养分活化中的作用过程，并重点评述了有关养分活化与吸收模拟模型的研究进展与发展趋势．     

大气中N2O的GC—ECD方法和环境浓度及来源

本文讨论了大气中N_2O的GC-ECD测定方法.对影响色谱分离效能的动力学因素(操作变置):载气流速、检测器和分离柱的温度进行了选择研究.方法有高的灵敏度和好的选择性,检测极限达到2.48×10~(-11)g·ml~(-1).由于采用了两个样品连续进样的程序,使样品的分析时间节省了约30%.本法不仅适用测量大气中N_2O,也能同时测量CO_2.应用本法对北京大学周围地区和河北省的一些典型环境中N_2O的浓度进行了测量,结果表明:(1)北京大学校园地区(采暖期)浓度均值为349ppbv(s·d=3ppbv,n=40),(2)有机堆肥场均值高达362ppbv(s·d=7ppbv,n=4),(3)稻田的均值为352ppbv(s·d=10ppbv,n=10),(4)林-农生态系统均值为345ppbv(s·d=18ppbv,n=192).比较这些数据可看出,有机堆肥是N_2O较强的排放源,稻田和燃烧过程也是大气N_2O的源.     

聚合铝絮凝动态过程研究

本文采用新型动脉动絮凝检测技术，测定了不同碱化度（Ｂ值）的聚合铝凝聚絮凝过程中絮集物颗粒的形成与增长过程的动态变化差异，结果表明，该技术对监测凝聚絮凝过程中絮集物的形成与增长是十分敏感的，絮凝指数（Ｒ）可在线地反映絮集物动态增长过程的变化，高碱化度聚合铝（Ｂ＝２．５），比低碱化度聚合铝及氯化铝具有更快的絮凝絮凝速度和形成更大的絮集物颗粒，通过絮凝指数的测定，并结合剩余浊度和ζ电位测定数据，为深入了     

固相萃取法提取净化生物检材中三类农药的实验研究

本文以常见的六种有机磷类、四种氨基甲酸脂类和五种拟种虫菊酯类农药为对象，研究了用国产ＧＤＸ－４０３或Ｃ１８固相小柱同时提取净化环境样品和生物检材中三种类型的农药，分别采用ＧＣ／ＦＰＤ，ＧＣ／ＮＰＤ和ＧＣ／ＥＣＤ三种特征性气相色谱法进行分析鉴定，为系统分析有机农药提供了一套快速、简便的固相提取方法。     

微囊藻毒素污染控制技术的研究进展

主要对水环境中微囊藻毒素污染的产生、毒性和去除方法进行了综述，在如何高效去除MCS方面具有重要意义。     

Effects of lead and cadmium nitrate on biomass and substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) applied as their nitrates on soil microbial biomass carbon (C(mic)) and nitrogen (N(mic)), and substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities. The C(mic) and N(mic) contents were determined at 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after heavy metal application (DAA). The results showed a significant decline in the C(mic) for all Pb and Cd amended soils from the start to 28 DAA. From 28 to 56 DAA, C(mic) contents changed non-significantly for all other treatments except for 600 mgkg(-1) Pb and 100 mgkg(-1) Cd in which it declined significantly from 42 to 56 DAA. The N(mic) contents also decreased significantly from start to 28 DAA for all other Pb and Cd treatments except for 200 mgkg(-1) Pb which did not show significant difference from the control. Control and 200 mgkg(-1) Pb had significantly lower soil microbial biomass C:N ratio as compared with other Pb treatments from 14 to 42 DAA, however at 56 DAA, only 1000 mgkg(-1) Pb showed significantly higher C:N ratio compared with other treatments. No significant difference in C:N ratio for all Cd treated soils was seen from start to 28 DAA, however from 42 to 56 DAA, 100 mgkg(-1) Pb showed significantly higher C:N ratio compared with other treatments. On 56 DAA, substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities was determined by inoculating Biolog ECO plates. The results indicated that Pb and Cd addition inhibited the functional activity of soil microbial communities as indicated by the intensity of average well color development (AWCD) during 168 h of incubation. Multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization pattern demonstrated that higher levels of heavy metal application had significantly affected soil microbial community structure.     

Further study on the photochemistry of non-ortho substituted PCBs by UV irradiation in alkaline 2-propanol

The photochemical behaviors of six non-ortho substituted PCB congeners, i.e., 3,4-DiCB, 3,5-DiCB, 3,3',5-TriCB, 3,4,5-TriCB, 3,3',4,5-TetraCB, and 3,4,4',5-TetraCB, irradiated at 254 nm in alkaline 2-propanol were investigated. Besides the determination of the photodechlorination pathways of these compounds, the presence of photorearrangement was observed in the case of 3, 4-DiCB with its products being identified. The results indicate that dechlorination is much more important than rearrangement during the process of PCB photolysis.     

应用固相萃取技术分析全血中阿米替林,多虑平药物

本文用国产大孔径树脂ＧＤＸ－４０３固相柱富集分离全血中的阿米替林、多虑平药物，并用ＧＣ／ＮＰＤ毛细管气相色谱技术进行检测，在１．０ｍｌ全血中加入２．０μｇ药物，回收率分别为８３．６％和３９．７％，ＣＶ值为４．４４％和３．３２％，检出限为２５ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１和３０ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１。研究结果经动物实验验证，获得满意的结果。     

种植密度和降水对冬小麦田N2O排放的影响

为研究种植密度对农田N2O排放的影响和探讨N2O排放季节性波动的原因，于1999～2000年小麦生长季在南京市郊江宁县进行了不同播种量（0.90、180和270kg/hm^2）和大田试验，观测分析结果表明：在相同的气象条件和田间管理下，播种～越冬阶段的N2O排放不受播种量的影响，近青～成熟阶段的N2O排放通量与播种量成正比，裸地条件下的N2O排放与播量为90kg/hm^2下的排放无明显差异，造成该生长季内N2O排放季节性波动的主要原因是降水，返表～成熟阶段的N2O排放通量随观测日前6d的加权平均降水解呈指数增加。