四极杆碰撞反应池ICP-MS同时测定贻贝中的Mo等12种重金属

运用微波密闭消解预处理样品,采用四极杆碰撞反应池技术（CCT）-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定贻贝中Mo、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等12种重金属,应用碰撞反应池碰撞模式（KED模式）引起的动能歧视效应,有效地消除了多原子离子对待测元素的质谱干扰,选用低中高质量数的45Sc、89Y、115In、209Bi混合内标更有效地校正基体效应和信号漂移,构建确定了测定的优化条件和技术流程。结果表明,KED-ICP-MS用于测定贻贝中重金属元素的含量结果令人满意,对12种重金属元素的相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.66%~3.91%,回收率在86.2%~102.0%之间,检出限在0.001×10-9~0.118×10-9之间,检测结果具有较高的准确度和精密度。该方法简便、快速、准确,可作为贻贝及其他海洋生物样品中重金属含量测定的理想方法,并可为海洋生物食品质量控制和安全评价提供科学依据。     

Oxygen tolerance capacity of upflow anaerobic solid-state (UASS) with anaerobic filter (AF) system

In order to investigate the oxygen tolerance capacity of upflow anaerobic solid-state(UASS)with anaerobic filter(AF) system, the effect of microaeration on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of maize straw was investigated under batch conditions and in the UASS with AF system. Aeration intensities of 0–431 m L O2/gvswere conducted as pretreatment under batch conditions. Aeration pretreatment obviously enhanced anaerobic digestion and an aeration intensity of 431 m L O2/gvsincreased the methane yield by 82.2%. Aeration intensities of 0–355 m L O2/gvswere conducted in the process liquor circulation of the UASS with AF system. Dissolved oxygen(DO) of UASS and AF reactors kept around 1.39 ±0.27 and 0.99 ± 0.38 mg/L, respectively. p H was relatively stable around 7.11 ± 0.04. Volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration in UASS reactor were higher than those in AF reactor. Methane yield of the whole system was almost stable at 85 ± 7 m L/gvs as aeration intensity increased step by step. The UASS with AF system showed good oxygen tolerance capacity.     

Influence factors for the oxidation of pyrite by oxygen and birnessite in aqueous systems

The oxidation of exposed pyrite causes acid mine drainage, soil acidification, and the release of toxic metal ions. As the important abiotic oxidants in supergene environments, oxygen and manganese oxides participate in the oxidation of pyrite. In this work, the oxidation processes of natural pyrite by oxygen and birnessite were studied in simulated systems, and the influence of pH, Fe(II) and Cr(III) on the intermediates and redox rate was investigated. SO₄^2 − and elemental S were formed as the major and minor products, respectively, during the oxidation processes. Ferric (hydr) oxides including Fe(OH)₃ and goethite were formed with low degree of crystallinity. Low pH and long-term reaction facilitated the formation of goethite and ferric hydroxide, respectively. The rate of pyrite oxidation by birnessite was enhanced in the presence of air (oxygen), and Fe(II) ions played a key role in the redox process. The addition of Fe(II) ions to the reaction system significantly enhanced the oxidation rate of pyrite; however, the presence of Cr(III) ions remarkably decreased the pyrite oxidation rate in aqueous systems. The introduction of Fe(II) ions to form a Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple facilitated the electron transfer and accelerated the oxidation rate of pyrite. The present work suggests that isolation from air and decreasing the concentration of Fe(II) ions in aqueous solutions might be effective strategies to reduce the oxidation rate of pyrite in mining soils.     

Occurrence and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and paddy ecosystems of Liaohe River Basin, northeast China

Concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE) congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms(crab, loach and carp) collected from the Liaohe River Basin, northeastern China. The total contents of PBDEs(∑_(16)PBDEs) in sediments and paddy soils were in the ranges of 273.4–3246.3 pg/g dry weight(dw), and 192.1–1783.8 pg/g dw, respectively. BDE 209 was the dominant congener both in sediments and paddy soils. The concentrations of ∑_(16)PBDEs in sediments were significantly higher than those in the adjacent paddy soils, indicating a potential transport of PBDEs from river to paddy ecosystems via river water irrigation. The biota–soil accumulation factor(BSAF) was calculated as the ratio between the lipid-normalized concentration in paddyfield organisms and the total organic carbon-normalized concentration in paddy soil. The average BSAF values of ∑15PBDEs followed the sequence of crab(3.6) loach(3.3) carp(2.1). BDE 154 had the highest BSAF value, and a parabolic trend between BSAF values of individual PBDE congeners and their log KOWvalues was observed. In view of the fact that crab had the larger BSAF value and higher lipid content, the ecological risk and health risk for crab cultivation in paddy fields should be of particular concern.     

多孔黏土异构材料对气态萘的吸附

以膨润土为基质,添加表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,制备了多孔黏土异构材料(PCHs),采用SEM和BET技术进行了表征,并将其用于气态萘的吸附。考察了吸附效果的影响因素,并探讨了吸附机理。表征结果显示,PCHs具有较大的比表面积,孔径分布均匀,兼具微孔和中孔结构。实验结果表明:当吸附温度为30℃、初始萘质量浓度为560 mg/m3、相对湿度为0时,PCHs对萘的平衡吸附量达370 mg/g,远高于膨润土和有机膨润土;吸附为放热过程,温度越高平衡吸附量越低;平衡吸附量随初始萘质量浓度的增加呈非线性增长;水蒸气的存在导致萘的平衡吸附量减小;萘在PCHs上的吸附机理主要为表面物理吸附和有机质的分配作用。     

多微孔苄基化木粉对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附研究

以中国杉木粉为研究对象,经苄基化改性和水热处理制得多微孔苄基化木粉.同时,以多微孔苄基化木粉为吸附材料,研究了苄基化木粉的增重率、溶液的p H值、接触时间、离子初始浓度和吸附温度等因素对Cu2+和Pb2+吸附效果的影响,并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、核磁共振等分析手段对木粉改性与水热处理前后的材料进行了结构表征.结果表明:木粉经苄基化改性及水热处理后所制得的多微孔苄基化木粉对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附百分率比原木粉分别提高57%和209%,木粉的苄基化程度、溶液的p H值、接触时间、离子初始浓度和温度是影响Cu2+和Pb2+吸附百分率的重要因素.当溶液的p H值为5.5,Cu2+和Pb2+的浓度为30 mg·L-1,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为60 min,多微孔苄基化木粉质量为溶液质量的2.0%时,Cu2+去除率达94.4%,Pb2+去除率达88.7%.     

南京市环境保护能力建设探讨与研究

环保能力建设对于环保工作的顺利开展具有重要的支撑作用.目前南京市环保能力建设取得了一定的进步,然而,在经济新常态、绿色发展、政府简政放权、环保监察监测垂直化管理等新形势下,对照国家环境监管标准化,信息化和现代化的建设要求,南京市环保能力相对不足.文章基于南京环保统计数据,采用SWOT分析法对南京市环保能力建设情况进行研究,从源头减缓、人才队伍建设、资金投入、管理机制改革、技术支持、公众参与等方面,提出了若干政策建议.     

Association between population density and infection rate suggests the importance of social distancing and travel restriction in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, 2019-nCoV has spread to most countries of the world. Understanding the environmental factors that affect the spread of the disease COVID-19...     

Value flow analysis based on EAP industrial chain: case of Huaning in Xichang,Sichuan

In this paper, based on symbiotic network of Eco-agricultural Park (EAP), value flows of different industrial chains are studied, and input–output efficiencies of industrial chain and individual enterprise accounted independently are compared in the case of Huaning EAP. The results indicate: (1) the total profit of industrial chain of feedstuff processing, breeder duck breeding, laying-hen breeding, farm garden, dairy farm and milk processing is more than the sum of profits of individual enterprises independently accounted, with a difference of 950,800 RMB yuan. Input–output efficiency of this industrial chain is 1.30 times higher than the average that of individual enterprises accounted independently. (2) The total profit of industrial chain of feedstuff processing, dairy farm, grass farm, laying-hen breeding and milk processing is more than the sum of profits of individual enterprises accounted independently, with a difference of 3,258,800 RMB yuan. Input–output efficiency of this industrial chain is 1.45 times higher than the average that of individual enterprises accounted independently. (3) Through collaboration among enterprises in the industrial system, the benefits of the industrial chain are much higher than the sum of those obtained by individual enterprises, which is benefited from the performance of resource and by-product exchange network among enterprises in the EAP.